The article examines the theoretical and applied aspects of the formation of investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector in Russia in modern economic conditions. The importance of investments as a key factor in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production, its technological renewal and sustainability in the context of structural transformations of the national economy is substantiated. Based on statistical data for 2018-2024, trends in the dynamics of investments in fixed assets are analyzed, sources of financing and regional differences in investment flows are identified. Special attention is paid to the role of government support, fiscal incentives, infrastructure development and preferential lending mechanisms. Key barriers to capital inflows have been identified, including institutional instability, limited access to long-term financing, and insufficient integration of agriculture into financial markets. The directions of increasing investment activity in the agricultural sector are formulated, involving the improvement of public-private partnership instruments, the development of innovative forms of investment and the strengthening of regional policy.
This article examines the mechanisms of tax incentives for innovation in the agricultural sector, drawing on examples from foreign countries. It analyzes key instruments such as tax benefits, grants, and special tax regimes for agricultural innovations, as well as their impact on industry development. Particular attention is paid to the experiences of OECD and EU countries, where agriculture is a priority area for state support.
The article focuses on the need to modernize the regulatory framework for agricultural trade in Russia. The analysis of the regulatory and legal regulation of the sphere of trade in agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs is carried out. The assessment of the implementation of the subprogram for the development of wholesale distribution centers in Russia is given. The essence of the law on organized auctions, its significance for the development of the agro-industrial complex and its infrastructural support are revealed, as well as a critical assessment of the draft of its changes and their impact on the agricultural sector is given. The amendments to the law on the fundamentals of state regulation of trading activities in Russia are evaluated. The analysis of the world experience in regulating trade activities is carried out, and the need for the development and adoption of a Trade Code in Russia is substantiated.
Economic accessibility of food is a key component of food security (along with the physical availability and quality of food), determining the population’s financial ability to purchase food products in sufficient quantities. Ensuring food security requires reliable indicators of accessibility. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, despite the importance of this indicator, there is no unified methodology for its assessment. Existing approaches produce different results, complicating the monitoring of food security levels. This fact hinders the timely identification of threats and the development of effective response measures. The objective of the study was to develop an integrated indicator of economic accessibility of food for its assessment. The differences between existing methods for evaluating the actual volume of food consumption were analyzed. The study calculated indicators characterizing the economic accessibility of food: the food affordability index (FAI), the food expenditure share index (FESI), and the price anomaly index (PAI). Based on these indices, an integrated index of economic accessibility of food was constructed. It was established that the target level of economic accessibility of food in Russia has not been achieved. The integrated indicator remains below the threshold value, and by 2025 the level of economic accessibility of food in Russia is insufficient and lacks positive dynamics.
This article presents the results of a comprehensive SWOT analysis of the Russian mineral fertilizer market, focusing on the current situation through 2025 and assessing the industry's medium-term development prospects. Using a combination of methods and diverse data sources, the author systematizes the key internal and external factors influencing the market. The strengths and weaknesses of domestic production (resource base, technological equipment, production costs, logistics, and export potential) were identified. Opportunities for growth through supply diversification and expansion into new markets, deeper processing, and expanded government support were analyzed. The main threats, including increased sanctions pressure, increased price volatility for raw materials and finished products, increased competition, stricter environmental regulations, and a number of others, were assessed. Based on the SWOT analysis, strategic recommendations were formulated for market participants and regulators: optimization of export-import flows, increased investment in modernization to improve production technology, infrastructure development, and adaptation to new carbon regulation standards. The results of the study can be useful for agrochemical company executives, investors, government agencies, and researchers to make informed decisions in conditions of high uncertainty.
The conditions for the sustainable functioning of enterprises in protected soil vegetable growing and the organizational, economic and technological features of production and market behavior of enterprises are specified. The influence of external and internal factors on the performance of economic activity and market behavior of the enterprise of vegetable growing of protected ground is analyzed. The influence of conditions of exogenous and endogenous factors of influence on the performance of economic activity of enterprises in vegetable growing of protected ground is detailed. A system of strategic measures for further expansion of protected soil vegetable production at the federal and corporate levels is proposed.
The underdevelopment of contracting is one of the main reasons for the imbalance in relations between large and small forms of business, holdings and the deterioration of the situation of small businesses in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The situation is aggravated by the increasing sanctions pressure on the domestic economy. In this regard, studying the foreign experience of contracting in economically developed countries of the world allows us to identify the main directions, conditions and mechanisms for the development and support of small agribusiness. The complex of economically developed countries. The current models of contracting are highlighted. The mechanism of contractual relations in the production and marketing of agricultural and food products is investigated. Taking into account foreign practice and Russian specifics, possible approaches to solving the problems that have accumulated in this area are proposed.
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to comprehend the current trends of technological transformation of the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC) within the framework of evolutionary economic theory. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the structural patterns of technological divergence in the Russian AIC based on the clustering of agri-tech startups and the assessment of investment dynamics. The methodological basis includes systemic and evolutionary approaches, methods of statistical and comparative analysis, cluster analysis of a database of technology companies (n=422). The results of the study showed that the Russian AIC is in a phase of active technological divergence, characterized by pronounced cluster specialization. Four key technological clusters are identified: "Biotechnology and New Production Systems" (46.3% of startups), "Digital Platforms and Precision Farming Solutions" (31.9%), "New Business Models and Value Chains" (14.3%), and "Roboticization and Automation" (8.1%). The identified cluster asymmetry (diversification index 0.66) corresponds to the patterns of the initial phase of divergence. Analysis of investment activity in the AgriTech sector for 2017-2025 revealed a wave-like dynamics with a peak in 2020 (19.32 million US dollars) and high volatility of the average round size (coefficient of variation 87.4%), indicating the sector's high sensitivity to external shocks and the persistence of fundamental scaling barriers. The key conclusions are that the current phase of divergence is characterized by a multiplicity of competing technological trajectories, diversification of business models, but also the persistence of structural imbalances determined by differences in capital intensity and institutional barriers. The emerging diverse landscape of innovators creates extensive material for subsequent market and institutional selection.
The purpose of this study is to examine the applied aspects of scientific research in Russia related to the implementation of elements and mechanisms for more effective functioning of agricultural cooperation. This article categorizes the applied aspects of agricultural production cooperation into broad areas. It examines the applied aspects of agricultural production cooperation reflected in scientific research in the following areas: national, resource sharing, organizational, economic, territorial development, and environmental. As part of this study of applied research on the role of agricultural cooperation in strengthening food security, the dynamics of shipped goods and the export volume of agricultural production cooperatives from 2017 to 2024 are presented, and the creation of agricultural export cooperation is discussed. When examining the resource sharing aspect, the positive aspects of joint use of land resources (shares) are identified, as well as the connection between resource pooling and the achievement of technical modernization goals. Examples of key technologies for technical modernization in agricultural production cooperatives are presented.
The article examines the influence of social factors on farmers' labor productivity. The influence of the social factor "family and school" is examined. The interactions between families and educational institutions and their impact on labor productivity are analyzed. Risk factors associated with the interactions between farmers' families and general education institution (school) where their children study have been identified based on the results of the survey. The study identifies key social factors and suggests ways to improve farmers' economic and social resilience. The article highlights the importance of this social factor in ensuring food security and developing agricultural sector of Russia.