The article examines aspects of the digital transformation of the economy in different countries. Digitalization makes it possible to more effectively evaluate potential solutions to socio-economic and environmental problems. This includes increasing productivity to improve product quality and durability, positively impacting people's lifestyles, reducing emissions, reducing the cost of city services, and developing partnerships to gain competitive advantage using new data collection methods. In addition, the use of the Internet of Things, cloud technologies, mobile phones and social networks can optimize processes. The article concludes that the development of the digital economy is critical to achieving economic and social goals and will have an impact on all countries, industries and stakeholders. However, there is currently a significant disparity between countries with limited Internet development and countries with relatively high levels of digitalization on a global scale.
The article analyzes the consumer potential of the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of the study of the investment attractiveness of agriculture. The author notes that in recent years there have been some negative trends in the dynamics of consumer potential in Russia: the index of physical volume of retail trade turnover in 2022 decreased by 6,5% compared to the previous year, and food products – by 1,7%; the decrease in real disposable income of the population in 2022 amounted to 1%, and the cumulative total for the period 2014-2022 – by 6,4%; the growth of consumer prices for food products in 2022 amounted to 15,8%. In order to analyze the consumer potential of the regions of the Russian Federation, the author selected indicators characterizing its economic and social component: the average per capita monetary income of the population, the index of real monetary income of the population, the population per 1000 hectares of farmland, the dynamics of consumer prices for food and their ratio to the prices of agricultural producers. The article groups the subjects of the country depending on the values of the selected indicators, and also calculates an integral indicator that takes into account the influence of each of the factors on the consumer potential of the regions. To further ensure the growth of consumer activity, it will be necessary to take additional stimulating measures at the federal and regional levels, including food assistance programs for the poor, the growth of real monetary incomes of the population, an increase in the level of wages in agriculture while maintaining inflation targets, as well as to improve the price monitoring system in the food market.
The article is devoted to the problems of prospective formation and development of specialized high-tech zones in agriculture in Russia. The paper analyzes the areas of specialization and production volumes of agriculture in all regions of Russia in the context of federal districts, with a simultaneous assessment of product specialization, the structural ratio of the shares of the crop and livestock industry and the rating of a region in the federal district in terms of production. The generalized results of the analysis of specialization and volumes of agricultural production in the regions of Russia by federal districts are presented, where the product directions of the formation of specialized high-tech zones for the production of certain types of agricultural products were identified. On the presented cartogram of the prospective formation of specialized high-tech zones for the production of certain types of agricultural products in the federal districts of Russia, possible specialized high-tech zones for each federal district are described, based on the territorial and geographical location of the regions and the peculiarities of regional development of sub-sectors of agriculture.
A methodology for quantitative assessment of the impact of agri-food policy instruments on the attractiveness of agriculture for investors has been proposed and probed. Distinctive features of the methodology are the use of maximum return per unit of investment resources, at which their attraction remains economically profitable, as a measure of investment attractiveness; using the elasticity of this return on the intensity of application of an agricultural policy instrument as a measure of influence on investment attractiveness; use of VIAPI mathematical model to determine measures of investment attractiveness; the ability to obtain estimates in the context of various investment objects (energy capacity, livestock, the stock of own circulating capital, etc.) and various territorial objects (Russia as a whole, federal districts, natural agricultural groups of regions). As a result of probing, it was established that, with the exception of reimbursement of costs for interest payments on long-term loans, the instruments studied (subsidies for grain, milk, livestock, poultry, open-ground vegetables, all commercial agricultural products, reimbursement of interest payments on short-term loans) affect investment attractiveness through indirect channels, namely through an increase in income and through a change in the comparative advantages of agricultural sectors. Depending on the balance of effects across these two channels, the resulting impact can be either positive or negative. On the scale of Russia, only investments in livestock respond positively in terms of attractiveness to the use of any of the instruments studied.
The article examines the current state of foreign economic activity of agro-industrial companies in the region. As a result of the cessation of trade relations with countries supporting anti-Russian sanctions, agro-industrial exporting companies in the Krasnodar Territory are subject to trade restrictions and are forced to look for alternative international markets for the sale of agricultural raw materials and food. The purpose of the study is to assess the foreign economic activities of agro-industrial companies in the Krasnodar region and propose measures to increasing export potential. The research methods used - analytical, statistical, graphical, system analysis - made it possible to identify the features of the development of existing foreign economic relations. The article reflects the prospects for increasing exports, highlighting leading companies that are leading exporters in the Krasnodar region. Foreign economic activity allows agro-industrial companies to make fullest use of the available resource potential and increase the volume of production of agricultural raw materials and food. The assessment of the foreign economic potential of the region is carried out by determining the volume and dynamics of production. Analysis of the commodity structure of import and export supplies of food allows us to determine the value of the positive trade balance and highlight the most promising food specialization of agro-industrial companies in the Krasnodar Territory. Agro-industrial companies in the region have significantly increased export supplies of fats and oils of animal origin, grains and legumes, and meat. To conduct foreign economic activity, the region has a developed port infrastructure, which is constantly increasing its cargo transshipment capacity. The advantages and disadvantages of foreign trade for the regional economy are highlighted. It has been determined that in modern business conditions, the investment activity of foreign investors has decreased and the transfer of innovations has stopped. A conclusion is made about the need to orient foreign trade relations with countries that are friendly to the Russian Federation, with the aim of mutual trade, investment and economic cooperation in the scientific and technical sphere.
The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that, despite the results achieved in recent years in the development of industrial horticulture, Russia continues to maintain a low level of consumption of fruit and berry products, and the processing industry is not fully provided with raw materials. The peculiarities of horticulture development in the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) as an important region of industrial horticulture and a significant producer and supplier of domestic fruits to the Russian market are revealed. The analysis of the dynamics of the development of the placement of production, the functioning of agricultural producers and the fruit processing industry is carried out. Trends are constructed that allow approximating the change in areas and gross collections of fruit and berry products over time. Regional problems of effective development of industrial horticulture and fruit processing industry are identified, ways of solving them are identified, which include: strengthening the influence of science, improving the training of qualified personnel, intensification of production and processing industries, development of innovative technologies, increasing investment attractiveness, development of commodity infrastructure, increasing the export orientation of the region for the export of fresh and processed products. The results of this article can be used in the preparation of regional programs, strategies for the development of industrial horticulture and fruit processing industry.
The article presents the results of research on the main directions of transformation of the vector of development of branch agricultural libraries of research institutions (SRI) of the Siberian region and the Siberian Scientific Agricultural Library (SibSAL), as the largest branch library, at the stages of reforming science in the modern period. The main conclusions of the researchers' publications on the nature of the reorganization changes in the status of the SRI, SibSAL and branch agricultural libraries of the SRI of the region and other parameters characterizing their activities are systematized. The relevance of research is determined by the unique experience passed by branch libraries at all stages of reforming science. The reasons for a number of negative trends in the decline in the number of SRI libraries and the emerging attempts to find a way out of crisis situations undertaken by the department's leadership at certain stages of development are identified. The consequences of the implementation of reorganization measures of reforming science, after the adoption of Federal Law No. 253-FL in 2013, which radically changed the previously existing system of information support for agricultural science, are considered. The role of SibSAL as a system-forming link of information support in the modern structure of agricultural research institutes and educational institutions of the region is noted. The main vector of the development of the information support system for agricultural science in the difficult period of adaptation of the SRI in the newly created organizational and functional management structure should be aimed at strengthening the interaction of the SibSAL with the SRI at all stages of research.
The issues of the formation of multifunctional associations of the agro-industrial complex and its sectoral subcomplexes come to the fore when solving the problems of implementing the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation and the import substitution program. The activation of measures for the formation of multifunctional subcomplexes and their effective functioning rests on the current paradigm of the market model of management, which acts as a kind of "brake" in overcoming the emerging problems of the development of the agricultural and agri-food sector of the economy. Based on the analysis from the point of view of political economy, the author's understanding of the essence and content of the category "methodology" is revealed in the article and on this basis the main stages of the formation of the subjects of multifunctional associations of the product subcomplex are formulated. The necessity of industry specialization of multifunctional product subcomplexes is noted, first of all, based on the principles of integrated associations. One of the promising directions of the formation of the considered subcomplexes can be their association on the basis of cooperatives and the article suggests a methodological approach to calculating the constituent unit with various methods of determining them using natural and cost indicators on the example of creating a cooperative MTS.
The article discusses various approaches to understanding the definition of «product subcomplex». It is noted that there are four main approaches that form an idea of the totality and functional differences of product subcomplexes on the territory of Russia. In modern conditions, the development of domestic agricultural production directly affects the level of food self-sufficiency of the Russian population and the food security of the country. In recent years, state agricultural policy has been aimed not only at increasing production efficiency, but also at protecting the interests of all participants in the agri-food market, paying special attention to the end consumer. The work also presents a system of indicators for assessing the sustainability of product subcomplexes, which, in our opinion, includes three enlarged groups of indicators (production, economic and social), which together will allow us to judge the effectiveness of the functioning of product subcomplexes by industry. In the article, we systematize the factors affecting the efficiency of the functioning of product subcomplexes in two directions: intraregional and interregional. A cumulative assessment of the influence of a set of factors will allow us to identify shortcomings and bottlenecks in the interaction of all participants in product subcomplexes. The article also identifies a number of problems associated with the sustainability of product subcomplexes, and proposes measures to level out their negative impact on the functioning of the Russian agro-industrial complex.
The article assesses the state of entrepreneurship development in rural areas in the context of the federal districts of the Russian Federation. The need for sustainable food supply of the country in the face of sanctions from unfriendly Western countries requires increasing the competitiveness of agribusiness in the entire rural space, transforming the system of support and training of entrepreneurs. The uniform spatial development of the regional and local rural economy is realized by coordinating the interaction of the following key factors: the scientific community, business, government structures and the local rural population. he main trends in the development of large corporate and individual entrepreneurship, small forms of management in the federal districts of the Russian Federation are revealed. The reasons for the reduction of economic activity in rural areas of the Russian Federation are investigated. The importance of improving the qualitative parameters of entrepreneurial activity for rural development, through the interaction of institutions at all levels of state economic management, is established. There is a need for the development of small forms of management in agribusiness, diversification of the rural economy.