This article examines the implementation of key development priorities for the domestic agro-industrial complex, with the aim of achieving technological sovereignty in the sector. Key roles are assigned to the national project "Technological Support for Food Security," the federal project "Agrarian Science – A Step into the Future Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex," and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for Agricultural Development for 2017–2030 (hereinafter, the FSTP). The paper notes that despite advances in agricultural production, domestic agricultural producers suffer from high technological dependence on foreign companies for supplies of seeds, planting and genetic materials, mechanization and chemical equipment, enzymes, and veterinary drugs. According to several experts, technological sovereignty in the subsectors of the Russian agricultural industry does not exceed 46 percent. Therefore, providing the industry with domestic scientific solutions is a key factor in the technological independence of the agricultural sector, which is critical for ensuring the country's food security. A framework for implementing the key development priorities of the industry through stimulating technological entrepreneurship in scientific and technical fields has been developed. The regulatory framework for the trends under consideration has been examined. A general framework for entrepreneurship in an agricultural organization, taking into account key functions and market factors, has been proposed. The current state of agricultural producers' machinery and tractor fleets has been analyzed, and proposals for their optimization in the current economic environment have been developed. Based on research conducted on the issue of scientific and technical support for the domestic agricultural sector with means of production, proposals have been formulated for sectors and areas of the agricultural economy, as well as for the activities of federal and regional government bodies, to achieve technological sovereignty in the industry.
This paper assesses the environmental impact of the logistics sector. It concludes that, along with industry, energy, and agriculture, logistics and transportation are the largest sources of greenhouse gas and harmful substance emissions. This necessitates finding solutions to build more environmentally sustainable supply chains. The evolution of the concept of «green» logistics is examined. To this end, the opinions and perspectives expressed by both international and domestic authors were analyzed. A comparative assessment of these perspectives allowed for the identification of three main approaches to defining this economic category. It is noted that they are united by a desire to minimize the negative impact of logistics on the environment. The key goals of green logistics are identified, as well as the factors contributing to its rapid development and growing popularity worldwide. Key areas for implementing green technologies at the current stage of development are outlined. The conclusion is made about the need for further development of green logistics.
The article focuses on the development of the infrastructure of the agricultural market to serve small businesses. As a result of the conducted research, the specifics of the formation of elements of the wholesale and retail trade infrastructure for small agricultural producers in the Russian agricultural market were revealed. It was found that the functional architecture of the infrastructure to support small businesses should be based on the principles of cooperation, which involves the creation of a multi-level, end-to-end system that performs various key functions for the infrastructural provision of the agricultural market. The article notes that the formation of the infrastructure of wholesale and retail trade on the basis of cooperation should comply with the key principles of functioning, which we have graphically presented. As our research has shown, it is necessary to create conditions for the creation of a network of micrologistic centers, while simultaneously implementing platform-based digital solutions or logistics aggregators, as well as developing modular and mobile logistics technologies based on the use of flexible infrastructure solutions. It is noted that it is necessary to stimulate cooperation and outsourcing of the wholesale and retail trade infrastructure to serve small business entities, while simultaneously adapting wholesale trade and direct distribution of agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs. This leads to the conclusion that the implementation of directions for the development of the agricultural market infrastructure for servicing small businesses is impossible without systemic support through institutional and financial mechanisms that must be regulated by the state.
The article examines the general economic problems of the development of digitalization processes in the context of the formation of a new technical and technological agenda, which determines fundamentally different conditions for the development of the logistics infrastructure of the agri-food system of the Russian Federation. The main object of scientific analysis is logistics centers as special elements in the relations within transport and distribution chain and merchandise flow in the domestic agri-food system. The special properties of digitalization and robotization are identified as the subject, implying the transformation and transfer to a new technological reality of all subjects of the domestic wholesale distribution scheme. An increase of scientific knowledge is the author's approach to assessing the current state of the technical and technological resource base of logistics centers, as well as the prospects for their competent digital transformation in a new geopolitical reality. The possibilities of improving the digitalization processes of logistics centers in connection with various factors, including the accelerated development of computer science, the variability of international trade and economic relations and the instability of the scientific and educational environment, are considered. The patterns of the overall positive dynamics of the development of logistics centers have been identified, taking into account the introduction of advanced developments in the field of applied informatics and the latest information and communication technologies. The social and economic advantages when introducing digital technologies into the logistics infrastructure of the agri-food system have been determined. The author's proposals on improving and regulating the mechanisms of the Russian agri-food logistics system are formulated, and the optimal balance of requirements is determined, contributing to the transition of the state to the rails of a full-fledged digital economy.
Digital transformation has become a key driver of the financial sector's development, driving operational efficiency, reducing costs, and improving customer experience. However, accelerated digitalization is accompanied by significant strategic risks related to critical dependence on IT infrastructure and increasing cyber threats, posing new challenges to organizational resilience. The purpose of this study is to develop a digital transformation model that formalizes the relationship between the net economic effect and the level of digitalization, taking into account strategic risks, and to use this model to determine the optimal digital strategy for banks with different business models. Using the example of four major Russian banks (Sberbank, VTB, Alfa-Bank, T-Bank), various models of digital transformation were analyzed, key vulnerability factors were identified, and risk management measures were evaluated. The research methods include a literature review, a case analysis of banking activities, and a study of official records. Comparative and content analysis were used, as well as the study of regulatory documents and expert reports in the field of information security. The study showed that the effectiveness of digital transformation directly depends on the reliability of the IT infrastructure and the introduction of modern protection mechanisms against cyber threats. To formalize the conclusions, model has been developed that determines the optimal level of digitalization, taking into account the balance of efficiency and risks. The results are of practical importance for the financial sector and can be used to develop digital security strategies in other critical industries.
Institutional interests in the system of agricultural land use serve as instruments for normalizing land relations and are formed on the basis of emerging systemic conflicts among the subjects of such relations. The manifestation of institutional interests is realized through the lens of norms and rules, supported by enforcement mechanisms and elements of social affiliation, together with the presence—within the framework of these rules—of characteristics defining «institutions». Not every rule constitutes an institution aimed at normalizing a contentious issue and designed to resolve conflict. An «institution» as a fundamental unit of new institutional economics, differs from a rule by possessing distinct features, functions, and structural elements, which enable its formation through the synergistic interaction of these components. The effectiveness of an “institution” is reinforced by the quality of its structural elements and characteristics, which describe both the situation for which it was created and the subjects responsible for its functioning, along with the form of sanction imposed when violations of the established norms are identified. Identifying the essential characteristics of an institution defines the conceptual basis for its formation, allowing theoretical frameworks to be applied in studying the normalization of land relations. Accordingly, the article examines both theoretical elements of institutionalization and the practice of institutional support for land relations in the agricultural sector, identifying critical points and analyzing problems related to incomplete land transformations and the failure to achieve the objectives of land reform.
The stable functioning of the agro-industrial complex enterprises in increasingly complex conditions of uncertainty ensures the environmentally oriented development of the agricultural sector in the context of national, including food security in Russia. The modern economic conditions of the studied economic entities are deeply differentiated for objective and subjective geographical, natural, economic, infrastructural, social and other reasons. The main areas of agriculture are crop production and animal husbandry, which directly interact with the natural and economic landscape and other components of the surrounding agricultural environment geographically, spatially, and resourcefully, constantly adapting to a changing multidimensional reality, changing traditional approaches. The variety of forms of ownership and economic activity of legal entities and individuals engaged in agriculture is united by their interconnectedness with the natural environment, environmental economics and environmental responsibility, since any actions in the agricultural sector lead to multi-vector environmental consequences. Due to the unstable environmental situation, high demands are placed on agro-industrial enterprises at the state and industry levels to create protective environmental structural and multi-level mechanisms for the harmonious combination of natural processes and production activities. That is why there is a growing need for a scientific and practical approach to the formation of a balanced environmental policy, which is the most important comprehensive tool for identifying systemic problems, managing risks, improving the culture of rational use of natural resources and developing effective, optimal algorithms for the actions of agricultural specialists. As an internal management document, the environmental policy defines strategic goals, principles, tasks, obligations, and mechanisms for implementing environmental measures of agro-industrial enterprises.
The article notes the need to transform regional economic policy, taking into account the criterion of environmental friendliness, to ensure balanced development of social, environmental and economic spheres of the regions. The analysis of economic development indicators of the subjects of the Southern Federal District is presented. (Southern Federal District). The dynamics of key indicators of the state of the environment in the regions of the Southern Federal District is reflected, and within the framework of the relationship with the economy and the social sphere, indicators characterizing the environmental burden in the formation of the gross regional product (GRP) are calculated and the dynamics of the impact of anthropogenic factors per capita is demonstrated. Agriculture plays a significant role in the formation of the GRP of the Southern Federal District, the article clearly shows the relationship of this industry with the state of the environment. The author's approach to assessing the eco-orientation of regional policy is proposed on the basis of determining the decapling effect, the environmental burden on the population, taking into account the totality of anthropogenic impact factors, as well as assessing the potential for eco-oriented economic development of regions. As a result of its application, it has been established that a number of regions of the Southern Federal District require a transition to an eco-balanced policy, which clarifies the content, objects, subjects, purpose, objectives and principles of implementation.
The purpose of the work is to form a unified model for the development of corporate networks to attract applicants based on the analysis of the quality of corporate information about the industry in career guidance activities. The study will be of interest to career guidance specialists and relevant information departments of universities and agricultural companies. The novelty of the work is manifested in the fact that today the state is interested in the development of agro-industrial complexes: the first step for their development is to attract young specialists to the agricultural sector. To do this, it is necessary not only to create conditions for the motivation of young employees and potential applicants of specialized universities, but also to ensure the creation of high-quality information resources in order to acquaint interested parties with career prospects in this industry. Despite the widespread processes of informatization and digitalization, there are problems in timely coverage of industry events and the lack of a unified corporate information network for current and potential industry professionals. Among the research methods, general scientific methods can be distinguished – analysis, synthesis, description and observation, in addition, specialized methods that are inherent in the economic sciences (aggregation, integration and modeling) were used. Among the research results, we note the need to identify standardized requirements for corporate information sources: curricula, qualifications, methods, a system of dialogue between participants in the educational and work process, access to career opportunities. Based on the SWOT analysis, the problems that exist in the information transparency system in the agricultural sector are noted. Based on the proposed stages of development of corporate information networks in the field of career guidance in the agro-industrial complex, it is possible to create a single qualitative model that includes the following components: a centralized federal portal dedicated to educational institutions that train specialists in the field of agriculture, an interactive opportunity to switch to corporate platforms of universities, agricultural companies and farms, the availability of information on corporate resources of universities about internal events and opportunities for students.
The article analyzes the peculiarities of presenting information on sustainable development in the reporting of agricultural organizations in the context of ESG factors. It presents an evolutionary overview of the development of the concept of sustainable development from its inception to the modern GRI and ISSB (SASB) standards, emphasizing their role in investor risk assessment and demonstrating corporate responsibility. Particular attention is paid to the challenges facing the agricultural sector: food security, soil degradation, climate change, and water scarcity, where sustainable development is becoming a factor in business survival. The objective of this study is to identify the specific features of ESG reporting by Russian agricultural companies and develop recommendations for improving its quality. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the international industry standards GRI "Agriculture, Aquaculture and Fisheries" and SASB "Standard for Agricultural Commodities". In addition, an analysis of Russian methodological recommendations (Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, SKB, taxonomy of the Central Bank of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the Central Bank of Russia)) was conducted. The practical part of the study is represented by a comparison of ESG reports of market leaders (OOO GROUP OF COMPANIES RUSAGRO (hereinafter referred to as RUSAGRO), EFKO Group, EkoNiva-APK Holding (hereinafter referred to as EKONIVA), PJSC Cherkizovo Group (hereinafter referred to as CHERKIZOVO) and an assessment of the verification of this data. The practical part of the work presents a comparison of ESG reports of market leaders (RUSAGRO, EFKO, EKONIVA, Cherkizovo) and an assessment of the verification of these data. The results of the study demonstrate the prevalence of combined approaches to standards in the Russian Federation, the lack of industry adaptations, and a focus on supply chains. The peculiarities of the presentation of information on sustainable development by Russian agricultural companies have been identified. In conclusion, the need to develop industry standards and mandatory data verification is emphasized in order to increase the reliability and investment attractiveness of reports, taking into account sanctions restrictions and the national concept of public non-financial reporting.