The article is devoted to state support for the mechanization of fertilizer application for agricultural crops at the federal and regional levels. The state and prospects of providing agricultural producers with agricultural machines for fertilization are considered. The analysis of state support for the mechanization of fertilizer application for agricultural crops (lending, grants to support novice farmers and "Agrostartap", leasing of agricultural machinery, support for agricultural machinery manufacturers, etc.) at the federal and regional levels is carried out and the directions of its improvement are determined.
The relevance of the study is due to the objective territorial and sectoral development of the agricultural management system in the conditions of its cross-border functioning. Strategic uncertainty, ongoing crisis phenomena in all spheres of the economy, including agriculture, limited resources and a slowdown in global economic growth – all this contributes to the search and use of new tools in the management system and the development of its mechanism. It is advisable to consider the functioning of the management system within the framework of its set of tools. The socio-economic transformations taking place recently have revealed some inconsistencies between the management system tools and resource capabilities in agriculture, especially in the field of cross-border cooperation. This is due to insufficient research in the field of agricultural development management in the border strategic territories. The development of agriculture in the border geostrategic regions of the country is impossible without taking into account the peculiarities of these territories. The article considers the peculiarities of functioning in agriculture of the border geostrategic regions of Western Siberia, namely Omsk and Novosibirsk, bordering the Republic of Kazakhstan, from the point of view of opportunities and prospects for integration.
One of the reasons for the continuing decline in the number of animals, cultivated areas, as well as jobs, with the simultaneous degradation of the material and technical base of the industry and the catastrophic depletion of soil fertility of agricultural land in the country, including in the Republic of Bashkortostan, according to agricultural scientists, is the lack of strategic planning at the federal level. This is the reason to consider this research relevant, where the agrarian formations are shown the methodology of strategic planning so that commodity producers can use their internal reserves in the production process to ensure sustainable functioning for an indefinitely long time. The study substantiates the need to implement a systematic approach to strategic planning, when the agrarian formation (planning object) is considered as an independent system, consisting of subsystems: "crop", "livestock" and "land", which is part of the system at a higher level - into the agricultural system of the region and the country as a whole. The study used data from statistical collections and annual reports of business entities for the year, compiled by the Ministry of Agriculture in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which have a high degree of verifiability.
The article analyzes the theoretical views of the classics of economic science on the problem of entrepreneurship development. The contribution of Russian scientists to the agrarian theory and the peculiarities of the development of entrepreneurship in the field of agricultural production is shown. The distinctive features of agricultural production in foreign countries, which determine the high competitiveness of products and the economy, are revealed. The role of creativity and creative development of individual entrepreneurial abilities in the field of agricultural production is substantiated.
Currently, the development of agricultural production in Russia is under the influence of various aggravated socio-economic situations caused by both internal risks and external threats. The technical and technological level of development of many branches of domestic agriculture, including the pig farming sub-sector, is formed and operates in the conditions of continuing sanctions from various countries of the world, changing the ratio of exchange rate parities in foreign currency to the ruble with simultaneous support of agriculture from the state. In this study, the authors based on the calculation of the trend equations made forecast scenarios for pork production and consumption. A comparative assessment of the cost of concentrated feed for pork production and an alternative to their sale, including for export, was also carried out.
The article, based on the study of the world and domestic lamb market in Russia, reveals the influence of imports of live animals on the formation of the meat market. The result of the study was a proposal on the need to clarify the methodology for forecasting meat markets with a high share of imports of live animals.
The vegetable seed industry is an integral part of the structure of food resources formation, which plays a major role in the formation of the national food security of the country. Examines the role of the industry seed production infrastructure the production of vegetables, the peculiarities of vegetable seed production, principles and organizational forms of production and use of seeds, identify the factors affecting the efficiency of seed production of vegetable crops, analyzes different approaches to the use of seeds of vegetable crops production technology of vegetables production of vegetables by types, conditions of increasing the yield of grown vegetable crops in the conditions of the market and development trends of the agrarian economy. The role of seed production in creating food resources is revealed as one of the practical applications of this industry in modern conditions of food security. In farms of all categories of Russia from 2000 to 2018, the acreage of vegetable crops decreased by 29.3%, while vegetable production increased by 26.5% over these years, including in agricultural organizations by 44.7%, in peasant (farm) farms – by 9.7 times, and in households production decreased by 6.7%. The growth of gross vegetable production was achieved by increasing the yield by 20.3%. The vegetable seed industry played a positive role in increasing the production of vegetable products.
The article considers the innovative infrastructure, including in the agro-industrial complex. Since one of the most popular elements forming the real sector of the country's economy in recent years is the agro – industrial complex and its basic branch-agriculture, which, due to socio-economic features, specifics in the organization and management of production, are experiencing a significant lag in innovative development both in terms of creating innovations and their development, elements of innovative infrastructure are highlighted. The main provisions of the National Project «Science» are considered. The creation of world-class scientific and educational centers (RECs), as well as the mechanism of formation of the REC Institute are studied. The experience of creating RECs in the Belgorod region is studied. The Monitoring System of the Agro-industrial Complex, as well as Development Institutions are presented as important elements of the infrastructure of innovative activity of the agro-industrial complex. The creation of effective sectoral innovative formations is proposed as promising elements of the innovative infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex.
The article focuses on the problem of attracting investment capital through credit resources or funds of third-party investors. The system of interrelated indicators of investment, compensation for reimbursement of part of the costs, changes in the price ratios for agricultural products (grain) and prices of certain types of industrial goods for agriculture is analyzed. The refined model of the capital price for the agricultural sector of the economy is justified and it is proposed to include in the list of areas of use of the VEB of the Russian funds placed on deposits of the National Wealth Fund of the Russian and such an instrument proposed for creation as investing in highly liquid debt obligations in the form of bonds, for example, with the conditional name "Agro".
The article reveals theoretical approaches to the spatial development of regional agricultural land use. The disadvantages of land use that can affect the rational use of land and the ways of leveling them were studied. Theoretical approaches are based on empirical materials of the annual State (national) report "On the state and use of land in the Russian Federation"