The article presents the trends hindering the development of management of the sub-sector of agribusiness at the municipal level, provides a conceptual mechanism that reveals the concept of the digital economy and its elements, justifies the structure of the information space, presents methods for assessing the quality of information on the work of information systems of state and municipal management in the field of agribusiness in the information space of the digital economy.
The article notes that the main problem of modern Russia, including rural areas, is not the lack offinancial resources but the lack of qualified managerial staff. It is concluded that one of the main reasons for the current situation is the inconsistency of the system offurther education of managers and specialists of the agroindustrial complex, as well as municipal employees, with modern requirements. It is shown that, because of this, there has been a tendency to reduce the proportion of workers in management who are increasing their qualifications. The recommendations aimed at improving the further education system, including the creation of a cluster of continuing education for management personnel of rural areas, are grounded.
In the article the separate problems of increase of employment of working rural population in an agrarian production are considered. Data reflecting reduction of specific gravity of working rural population and specific gravity of the employed in agriculture are presented. These indexes are estimated on federal neighbourhoods. Influence of natural factors is grounded on specialization of agricultural production, that in turn influences on the level of employment of able to work rural population. The analysis of indexes of the charged extra salary is presented in the framework of the economy, country and agricultural organizations. Authors consider groundless considerable level of remuneration of labour of workers of agricultural organizations. Thus well-proven, that a basic stake of workers of agricultural organizations is in groups with the low level of remuneration of labour, that promotes fluidity of shots and complicates possibilities of bringing in highly skilled.
The entry of the agricultural economy of Russia into the world economy has further actualized the problem of the need for a significant increase in productivity in the industry. A number of recent government decisions are aimed at its implementation. Scientific support is required for their implementation - from conceptual theoretical and methodological provisions to applied procedures of scientific and practical nature. Under conditions of solving this very large-scale and multifaceted problem, the purpose of this work is to study certain aspects of the problem, determined by changes in the agricultural structure and the basic elements of the workplace. It was achieved on the basis of abstract and logical understanding of conceptual provisions, the use of the index method of estimation of series of dynamics and construction of correlation and regression models in the analysis of factors of labor productivity. As a result, on the basis of the established influence of the agrarian structure, it is proposed to consider the changes taking place in it (the increasing contribution of agricultural organizations to the formation of the average level of labor productivity in the industry, farms approaching them in terms of the contribution and the declining role of households) among the important reserves for increasing the productivity of an institutional nature. However, as the main reserves of productivity growth should be considered reserves with a different nature, among which the key elements are the basic elements of the workplace. Their possible contribution to the solution of the problem is quantified. Of these elements of the workplace in the near future, the most important will be to increase the profitability of labor.
The article presents the current role of small agribusinesses (SAB) in the development of agriculture as a whole, as well as proposals for the further effective development of SAB. Among the main problems hindering the further effective development of SAB are: low level of technical support of SAB, predetermining the simplest technology of agriculture; insufficient level of state support of SAB; lack of highly qualified personnel, which often does not allow SAB to produce agricultural products in accordance with the necessary technological standards; limited access of SAB to markets for agricultural products (strong competition from agricultural holdings, dumping of purchase prices by processors). A step-by-step approach to the development of SAB through agricultural cooperation is proposed.
Processes of a clustering of economy in modern conditions are a new format of structuring of its real sector. Clusters are formed in various spheres of economy, including in agro-industrial complex of the country in recent years. Agrarian clusters are large producers of the food. So, the volume of the shipped production participants of the Food cluster of the Republic of Tatarstan made 31,7 billion rubles, the Agro-industrial cluster of the Kemerovo area - 11,1 billion rubles, the Agro biotechnological cluster of the Omsk region - 8,3 billion rubles. Support of agrarian clusters by the state is carried out within the program of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Development of clusters needs to be considered as the most important element of a state policy. Now one of the major problems in processes of a clustering of economy is imperfection of the standard-right base creating barriers to creation and functioning of clusters. Within the solution of the given problem for improvement of state regulation of cluster activity it is offered to structure the standard-right acts, with allocation of levels of regulation and types of normative legal acts. Authors focus attention on importance of adoption of the federal law regulating processes of creation and functioning of clusters in the country for which the structural elements defining contents of the law are offered. Strategic management in clusters has to be based on the developed methodical maintenance of development of data of the integrated structures. Authors offered the algorithm of development and implementation of the program of cluster development which is turning on blocks: methodical maintenance and justification of programs of development, substantial and organizational work. On the basis of research practice offormation of standard and methodical documents, authors offered the contents and structural elements of Strategy of development of a cluster and the Program of cluster development which can be used for the formed and operating agrarian clusters.
At present, the prevailing approach to cooperatives as a form of entrepreneurship is in line with the dominant paradigm of economic efficiency in society. Without denying the partial correctness of this approach, we wish to reveal the non-commercial aspects of the activities of cooperatives, to which the classics of cooperative thought paid attention in those times. Therefore, the study was conducted to identify the singularity of economic cooperation in cooperatives for processing and marketing of agricultural products. The article is prepared on the basis of materials of sociological research carried out in 2016-2018. To 2018 The research method in 2018 was the case study. As a result, three forms of economic interaction are identified, which differ from the usual economic behavior of the reseller involved in the purchase and resale of agricultural products. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that cooperatives keep a non-profit component aimed at protecting the interests of agricultural producers participating in cooperation.
The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the formation of the results of intellectual activity. Their role in formation and functioning of the market of scientific and technical production (STP) is defined. The influence of tax policy on the innovation process in the agricultural sector is analyzed. It is shown that the current mechanism of formation and implementation of scientific and technical policy does not provide a full innovation cycle: from the formation of demand for scientific and technical products to the development and implementation of innovative products. In modern conditions the market of STP develops as the market of orders that essentially changes system of the relations between sellers and buyers. The existing institutions of intellectual property management at the macro level do not yet form a single system and do not allow the STP market to develop effectively.
In the context of the reduction of budget allocations to support agriculture, ensuring the effective use of budgetary funds is of high importance. Currently, the evaluation of the efficiency of budget spending is carried out in accordance with the program principle of budgeting based on the achievement of indicators of state programs. The authors consider the content of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of measures of state support of dairy farming on the basis of criteria of effectiveness, optimality, impact, sustainability and cost. The complex approach of an assessment of efficiency of the state support of dairy farming with use of system of the complementary indicators characterizing the budgetary, social, commercial and program efficiency of the state support of dairy cattle breeding is offered. The main shortcomings of the current system of state support for milk producers, reducing the efficiency of budget support. On the example of the distribution of subsidies to increase productivity in dairy cattle from the Federal budget to the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation, there is no correlation between the amount allocated in 2018 and the level of implementation of the state program by the regions in terms of milk production in 2017, as well as the dynamics of milk production in 2017 compared to 2016. The use of inefficient mechanisms of state support of dairy farming and small amounts of subsidies do not have an effective impact on improving the efficiency of milk production, investment and innovation activity in the industry. The method of calculation of budgetary effect and budgetary efficiency of the state support of dairy farming is offered. State support should lay the Foundation for improving the competitiveness of milk producers, updating the material and technical base and the introduction of modern resource-saving technologies, ensuring a rational rate of consumption of milk and dairy products.
The article based on the data of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 2016 considers the production potential and economic behavior of large and small agricultural enterprises. The number and branch specialization ofenterprises; land area; structure of crops of agricultural crops and livestock of agricultural animals are analyzed. Theavailability of labor resources, the level of education of managers and employees of enterprises, technical and infrastructural potential, the level of access to loans and subsidies from the state budget are characterized. It is establishedthat the potential and conditions of economic activity of small enterprises are worse than those of large enterprises. Itis concluded that special measures are needed to support small agricultural organizations.