Recently, agricultural production has undergone various changes associated with the constantly changing situation in the external environment of the functioning of commercial enterprises. The main goal of the enterprise - making a profit - requires a constant search for the optimal set of measures to obtain the planned indicators. The degree of influence of the main factors on the financial result - revenue and cost - determines the approach of a particular enterprise to solving the task. The increase in revenue in most cases is problematic, since it is limited by the volume of products and the prevailing demand for products, works and services sold. Therefore, an increase in profits by reducing costs is the most real reserve for profit growth and an increase in the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole. This problem is especially relevant for agricultural enterprises trying to compete with agricultural holdings that dominate the agricultural production of the Belgorod region. In this case, enterprises try to use an integrated approach to the formation of pricing policy, based on an assessment of the level of cost at all stages of production, as well as taking into account the interests of both agricultural enterprises and processing companies. With this approach, it is necessary to take into account the internal pricing in terms of the interaction of the participants in the integration interaction, which should ensure the satisfaction of the interests of all participants in the functioning process. It is this set of cost management tools that will allow to achieve not only the required level of financial well-being of agricultural enterprises, but will also allow to effectively manage agricultural production.
The deepening of the integration processes of the Russian agro-industrial complex into the system of the world market is associated with an increase in the risks of exposure to the domestic market of exogenous shocks, which contributes to the actualization of the tasks of developing a methodology for substantiating effective scenarios for the prospective development of industries and food markets in Russia. The proposed paper presents the developed methodology for forecasting the agri-food markets (AFM). The forecasting methodology includes the following main stages: methodological approaches (MA) to the analysis of the agri-food market of a given commodity group, incl. allowing to highlight the most important product segments within the group; MA to the analysis of the main types of products of this commodity group, including methodological approaches to the analysis of the state of the APR of this product type in conjunction with the assessment of the financial condition of enterprises in the industry; MA to the analysis of the market for livestock products with the turnover of live animals; MA to the analysis of the development of production in small forms (farms and private household plots, family mini-farms); development and / or adaptation of models for forecasting agri-food markets. For markets with different states of competition, one-product models of partial equilibrium were developed (perfect competition, imperfect competition with elements of perfect competition and imperfect competition), as well as developed and / or adapted multivariate regression and trend models; a methodology for the formation of a research information base, including a database of regional markets, a database of export / import and a database of elasticity’s; method for assessing elasticity’s. The developed forecasting methodology is intended for governing bodies making decisions on the development of economic policy measures
The article discusses topical issues of modeling the impact of climate change on the economy of meat production and related issues of the availability of meat products for the poorest population. The article presents an economic and mathematical model of regional markets for beef, pork, lamb and poultry meat, where the population with low per capita income acts as consumers. In this work, the authors have implemented the idea of perturbing the existing characteristics of stochastic processes in the external environment and the parameters that determine the state of the mathematical model. It is proposed to evaluate the efficiency and stability of the regulator built into the model in a series of statistical tests. The results of testing the presented methodology were carried out using the example of the Kostroma region for two climatic scenarios.
The article is devoted to the conceptual features and main parameters of the sectoral ecosystem in the context of the formation of the digital economy. Various points of view on the very concept of "ecosystem" are analyzed. The author's interpretation of the category “sectoral ecosystem” is given, its features and characteristics inherent only to it are highlighted. The main differences between the ecosystem and the cluster have been established. The necessary conditions for building a sectoral ecosystem in the modern economy have been determined.
At present, in the structure of the costs of the greenhouse economy for growing vegetables, energy costs are about 40% -60% of the cost of production. The use of greenhouses of the fifth generation allows you to significantly save on energy costs. The high yield of greenhouse crops is due to the observance of the microclimate parameters, which must be maintained at an optimal level for the grown crop. The most important are energy factors - optical radiation and air temperature. In this article, the author made an attempt at scientific analysis and critical understanding of the competitiveness of a greenhouse complex with technologies of the fifth generation on the example of «Lipetsk Agro».
Dairy cattle breeding in Russia is a system-forming branch of the agricultural sector of the economy. Its dynamic development stimulates the production of other areas of agribusiness, which together gives a synergistic effect on the entire agriculture. Russia occupies an important place in the system of the world market of milk and dairy products. However, according to some indicators of production efficiency, Russia is significantly inferior to the main leaders, such as the United States and the countries of the European Union (EU). In this article, based on the assessment of the dynamics of the main indicators of dairy cattle breeding in Russia, the author substantiates the main directions of development of the sub-sector in the context of the prospects for achieving full import substitution and the prospects for realizing export potential.
The article is devoted to the state support for the application of fertilizers for agricultural crops at the federal level. The analysis of this support (unrelated support, concessional lending, reimbursement of part of the costs of reclamation measures, compensation of part of the costs of transportation, leasing of agricultural machinery, grants to support novice farmers, "Agrostartap" and the implementation of complex scientific and technical projects, support of agricultural machinery manufacturers, etc.) and identified areas for its improvement.
To assess the socio-economic situation of the regions, a list of indicators used by the Federal State Statistics Service was selected to characterize the state of the regions, including population, gross regional product, investments in fixed assets, monetary incomes of the population, consumer spending, etc. The regions were divided into groups according to two parameters - the specific gravity of the region in the indicator for the Russian Federation and the growth rate of the change in the indicator exceeding the average Russian. Among the regions, leaders and outsiders were identified, respectively characterized by an increase or deterioration in the situation. The Moscow region was assigned to the leading regions with high rates of growth in socio-economic indicators for 2019. 12 regions were assigned to outsiders with a rapid deterioration in the socio-economic situation. In the dynamics for the period 2014-2019. in general, the socio-economic situation of the regions worsened, as the number of leaders decreased, the number of regions with a strong, weak position and outsiders increased from 23 to 55, the number of regions in the group with an improvement in the situation decreased. For the identified leading regions, the indicators of fundamental efficiency turned out to be average, their high socio-economic assessment was largely determined by the high level of infrastructure efficiency. The dependence of production efficiency on the development of infrastructure and the type of settlement showed that rural types of settlements with infrastructure restrictions have more efficient production. The assessment of the socio-economic development of the regions will make it possible to make adjustments to the development strategies of the regions in order to improve management and achieve the goals set.
The article considers the essence and importance of bioeconomics in the context of new global economic trends. Institutional aspects of modern European development in the context of a "circular economy" based on the "cascade consumption" of renewable bioresources are revealed. It is noted that biotechnology is declared as one of the key directions of innovative development of the Russian Federation, however in the domestic scientific environment and in the practical sphere there is a semantic ambiguity in the use of the term "bioeconomics", the basis of which is the conceptual and categorical apparatus which reveals the possibilities of development and use of biotechnology in various fields which are not interrelated. It has been established that in the world community, the concept of "bioeconomics" corresponds to a definition which predetermines the transformation of the traditional resource-dependent economy into an economy of circular non-waste production through the generation of renewable resources within the framework of the convergence of various industries and sectors. In accordance with which it was revealed that the main prerequisite for the formation of the bioeconomy is the organizational and economic mechanism of cluster activation, which demonstrates the positive experience of the European Union countries.
World agriculture is developing in the direction of increasing the knowledge intensity of manufactured products, in this regard, an innovative agro-industrial enterprise should become the main carrier of an innovative product. Innovative enterprises are enterprises in which more than 70% of the total volume of production is created through the production of innovative products, if we talk about innovations in agriculture, then their main feature is not in creating fundamentally new products in the industry, but in the development of new technologies in economic practice. based on the achievements of science and technology in related industries. Technologies for the production, storage and processing of agricultural products, a modern management system for an agricultural enterprise, on improving the production and economic complex of an enterprise, replacing manual labor with mechanized ones, automation and robotization of technological processes. At the present stage, the innovative development of agriculture is of an inertial nature, so far there is no reason to talk about technological breakthroughs, intensive development of the results of research and development, characteristic of an economy of an innovative type. A global problem in the implementation of innovations and innovative activities in agriculture is the lack of a formed partner platform between scientific institutions and business entities. Consequently, in the context of globalization and the formation of a single world market, the activation of innovation processes in the industry should take a central place in economic policy and the joint participation of the state and private business in the innovation process, which includes both the development and development of innovations and new technologies, and their promotion to the market, will increase innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex of Russia.