The article is devoted to the development of the domestic market of pork, the search for new vectors of its functioning in modern conditions. The main objectives of the study are: the justification of the importance of developing the national pork market in connection with the presence of internal and external factors, assessment of problems and prospects of its development in modern economic conditions, the definition of guidelines for the functioning of the pork market. In the course of the analysis the role of Russia in world production, export and import of pork products has been outlined. In order to develop guidelines for the development of the pork market, the following were studied: demand (in particular, the volume of pork consumption per capita); supply (in particular, indicators of the domestic pork industry - production and livestock, leading regions in pork production); prices for different types of meat products and their growth rates; population income and their growth rates; volumes, structure and geography of export-import operations. The practical use of the results of the study will reduce the risks for pork market subjects, will contribute to the realization of the accumulated potential of the pork industry, will provide alternatives in solving problems of development of the pork market at the present stage. The directions of development of the pork market presented in the study can be used in developing strategies and programs for the development of national and regional pork markets.
The development of the livestock sector is the most important factor in the effective functioning of the processing sector and the entire industry market. Currently, domestic pork producers have fully met the demand of the domestic market. Now they are faced with the task of activating their export potential. The long-term future of the entire domestic pig industry will depend on the effectiveness of this task. In the context of the study, statistical data on the production and economic development of this industrial segment of the agro-industrial complex were analyzed. In particular, the analysis of the balance of supply and demand; market researched competitive developments; studied dynamics of volumes of pork production in live and carcass weight; the evaluation of dynamics of changes of pigs livestock; comparative evaluation of reproductive performance in pig production in the EU and Russia; identified and summarized the main factors determining the efficiency of pig farms; the assessment indicators of the technological development of the domestic pig; the main reasons hindering the development of the domestic industrial segment of the agro-industrial complex are identified; the rating of the largest national pork producers is given, as well as a list of investment projects of the leading players in the industry market. In the final part, measures of state support for domestic pig production in terms of increasing and activating export supplies were formulated.
The main hypothesis of the study is that the use of precision farming technologies will increase the competitiveness of agriculture by enhancing internal competitive advantages associated with lower production costs of goods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for increasing the competitiveness of domestic agriculture in the context of the introduction of precision farming technologies. An analysis of the activities was carried out and a grouping of 34 agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk region (72,% of their total number), using precision farming technologies, was carried out. The author's grouping of agricultural organizations is proposed, depending on the share of jobs equipped with precision farming technologies. With the increasing share of precision farming jobs, there has been an exponential decline in production costs. In the group of agricultural organizations, with a share of jobs equipped with precision farming technologies, up to 10%, the average decrease in production costs was 0.19 percentage points, with a share of jobs from 10 to 20% - a decrease in costs by 0.97 percentage points, over 20% - 1.04 percentage points. This allows us to conclude that there are competitive advantages of organizations using precision farming technologies in comparison with organizations without them. At the same time, the determining factor is their systematic use, covering the largest number of processes and workplaces.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the dynamics and structure of supply and demand, production and trade, as well as the study of the factors of development of the world market of mineral fertilizers and its individual segments. In the world market, a steady upward trend in demand for mineral fertilizers has been revealed. Production is increasingly moving to developing countries in order to bring capacities closer to the regions of consumption of products. There is a high dependence of both producers and importers of mineral fertilizers on foreign trade due to the geographical separation of production and consumption. At the same time, the change in the availability of the main factors of production and the parameters of the solvency of the main consumers, as well as institutional factors in individual countries and regions, lead to an aggravation of competition and the transformation of trade flows in the world market. The main trend that ensures the strengthening of positions in traditional markets and the development of new niches is the diversification of production. Based on the results of the study, the main trends typical for the world mineral fertilizers market in general and its individual segments, in particular, have been identified.
The analysis of the world market of products with high added value was carried out, the main exporting countries of these products were identified (Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, China), in whose exports of products with high added value is 30-50%, and the value of exports of these products is more than $ 20 billion. The main volume of food with high added value is produced by food industry enterprises. Currently, the development of the food industry in foreign countries largely depends on the introduction of innovative developments in production, which is associated both with the development of new technologies that reduce production costs, and with the development of new products and the introduction of new brands. The article discusses the mechanisms of stimulation and state support that have provided the above-mentioned countries with successful innovative development of the food industry. Russia is significantly inferior to developed countries in terms of exports of food with high added value. In 2020, the value of exports of these products amounted to about $ 4 billion, which is largely due to the lack of innovation activity of food industry enterprises. In the GII 2020 ranking (Global Innovation Index), Russia ranks 47th. The article highlights the leading role of large multinational corporations in the production and export of products with high added value.
Leasing of agricultural machinery in many developed countries arose almost 60 years earlier than in Russia, underwent a number of transformations in its development and is now widely used abroad as a form of preferential equipping of the technical base of farms with new machinery. The relevance of this study lies in the results of the analysis of the state, features and trends in the development of relationships between farms - lessees and companies, firms - lessors when concluding leasing agreements for agricultural machinery. The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of using leasing of agricultural machinery by farms in agrarian developed countries that are included in the world Top-5 rating in terms of the volume of leasing transactions and the possible application of some of its positive results in the practice of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The key conclusion of the study is the results of the analysis of the most frequently used types of leasing of agricultural machinery by farms abroad, benefits, peculiarities of the conditions for their conclusion, trends of further development.
The article provides a theoretical justification of the essence and content of the term "personnel support", the features of the process and resource approaches to its formulation are considered. Based on the monographic and comparative methods of research, differences in the concepts of "personnel support" and "personnel security" are revealed, the directions of application of these terms in the scientific literature are shown.
The article is devoted to the assessment of investments in human capital in Russia. The author examines the scientific foundations of the formation of the theory of human capital and methods of its assessment. Investments in human capital in Russia are insufficient in volume and have low return: highly qualified personnel remains unclaimed and low paid. As a result of the study, the author identified the reasons for the difficult situation with investments in human capital in agriculture in Russia, consisting in the systematic underfunding of the federal program for the development of rural areas: in the current program, the amount of planned funding has been significantly reduced, which creates serious problems for its implementation. The author notes that there is an imperfection of the legal regulation of the execution of the state program, as well as there are no regional plans for the complex development of rural areas. The article determines that, taking into account the fact of monopolization of the agricultural market, the priorities of state support under the program of complex development of rural areas should be regions with medium and small agricultural organizations.
The article discusses the features of agricultural land management. The system of vertical interaction in making managerial decisions within the framework of spatial development of land relations was studied.
In the system of formation of agricultural sustainability, one of the guidelines for the development of agriculture is the rational use of land. The solution of this problem is provided by the introduction of farming systems that minimize the negative consequences of the productive use of land. However, their implementation is hindered by a number of factors that limit the possibility of using environmental techniques and methods: financial and economic, administrative and political, organizational and technological, subjective. The need to eliminate these obstacles requires the improvement of land management, both at the State level and at the level of individual organizations. The task of the subjects of public administration is to form a mechanism that will encourage the choice of rational methods and methods of land use, taking into account environmental priorities. The task of management objects (land users) is to ensure the parameters of a rational impact on the subject of management (land resources), which is possible to ensure through the use of strategic management techniques. The formation and implementation of a strategy within a specific enterprise allows you to link the set goals with a set of control actions on the parameters of the internal environment and the human capital development system. Environmental priorities should become the main element in justifying the directions of development of any branch of agriculture. But the possibilities of their implementation will largely depend on the willingness of the state to take responsibility for the ecological state of the land and business understanding of the need to preserve soil fertility.