The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in recent years began to intensify innovative processes in the field of agriculture (hereinafter, agribusiness), which create conditions for scientific and technological progress of the industry, increasing production and, consequently, consumption of agricultural products. The development and implementation of innovations in the production of agriculture in Russia is almost entirely owned by the largest and most advanced agricultural producers, which in the development of innovations receive a certain economic effect, resulting in additional output per unit area, reducing costs per unit of production, obtaining additional income. Currently, there is a significant growth of foreign technologies used in agriculture in Russia, which not only suppresses the development of national innovation policy and applied science in the field of agriculture, but also poses a serious threat to the food security of the country in the event of technical and technological dependence on foreign developments. In our opinion, import substitution is directly related to the effective functioning of the Russian agroindustrial complex, which largely depends on the degree of innovative development of the industry, and the creation of conditions for the innovative development of the agroindustrial complex is the most important goal of the strategy for the development of agricultural production in Russia. Thus, the introduction of innovations makes it possible to effectively use the material and technical potential in agriculture for the production of agricultural products and to withstand Russia in conditions of increasing global competition, ensuring the food security of the country. The aim of the study was to determine the features, conditions and factors offurther development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia on the basis of innovation. The main results of the study is the author's generalization of the views of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the innovative scientific and technological development of the agro-industrial complex. According to the results of the study: the author's definition of «innovation»; the classification of innovations in the agricultural sector is presented, and three of their main types are identified; the complex of legislative and organizational measures aimed at creating and maintaining the «innovative climate» in foreign countries (on the example of the European Union) is considered; the mechanisms and elements of stimulation and regulation of innovative development in the EU are analyzed; the main directions of development of the state innovation policy of Russia in the sphere are presented; the features of the innovation process in the agroindustrial complex are considered; the constraining factors of innovative development of the Russian agroindustrial complex are highlighted.
The paper deals with one of the most common areas of organic production in the world - wild collection. Currently, 85 countries and dependent territories practice wild collection on a total area of 41 million hectares (including areas where organic beekeeping is implemented). Although the share of the world rural population is gradually declining, it remains noticeable and averages about 45‰. At the same time, one can observe a gradual decline in agricultural employment and mainstreaming of the alternative activities in rural areas. Especially popular are environmental friendly activities including wild collection according to the standards for organic products. Wild collection encompasses a variety of dimensions, including the collection of wild berries, mushrooms, fruits, nuts, medicinal and aromatic plants. The dynamics and structure of wild collection in the world, in the largest regions and individual countries are analyzed. The problem of regulation of wild collection with regard to attitudes of international organizations are considered. In discussion the characteristics of wild collection development in Russia are listed and general proposals for steeping - up the activity in this area are formulated.
Scenario forecasting method tailored to crop production, gives the answer to such questions as the definition of possible trajectories of development of the industry, identifying the effects of regulatory influence of the state, and also solves the problem of reducing certainty when making decisions in the rapidly changing environment of the industry. As a result of scenario forecasting, it becomes possible to identify priority areas of scientific and technological development of the industry, «end-to-end» technologies (key scientific and technical areas that have the most significant impact on the development of new markets, new markets for means of production and final products, etc.). The process of developing scenarios of scientific and technological development of the crop sector should be based on three factors of production: labor (human resources), capital (investment and means of production) and land, as they are all involved in the production of crop products. This article highlights two most likely scenarios of scientific and technological development of the crop sector until 2030: «Technological adaptation», determined by the preservation of existing trends in scientific and technological development, sustainable positive dynamics of production of most crops, imports of basic technologies of crop production, etc. and «Technological breakthrough» - a scenario aimed at achieving leadership positions in certain areas of scientific and technological development of crop production and changing the structure of cultivated and exported crops. In «pure form» these scenarios will not be implemented and the scenario «Technological adaptation» will become the basis and the initial stage of the scenario «Technological breakthrough». The latter will be implemented gradually only after the first scenario is fully implemented until 2025. Ключевые слова: научно-технологическое развитие, растениеводство, сценарии, технологии, технологическая адаптация, технологический рывок.
An analysis was made of the dynamics of the financial condition of the sector of regional agricultural organizations for the period 2011-2017 within the framework of the developed methodology for forecasting of the development of agri-food systems. Eight groups of regions were defined, depending on the stability of belonging to one of the three classes offinancial condition, determined by the method of Sberbank of the Russian Federation, for this period. It is shown that most of the regions, among which are the main producers of marketable products of the sector, consistently belong to the first or second class, attractive to investors.
An active decade of strategically significant evolutionary transformations in agriculture allowed to increase the methodological basis for solving the problems of modernization of agricultural production. A number of thematic areas for improving the methodology of strategic system-modernization rearrangements in agriculture are clearly outlined, differentiating a single theoretical and methodological array of fundamental and applied developments, one of which is the methodology ofprogram-oriented development of agriculture as a socio-economic system. The essence of the provisions of this direction lies in the complexity of the coverage of problems, measures to solve which are “packed» in the shell of target programs in the system of sectoral management, and are characterized by the universal nature and average applicability of the provisions due to reduced budget funding opportunities.
The article aims to characterize the role of knowledge infrastructure, which is one of the important components of innovation system of the agricultural sector and is needed to support actors to innovate. By the example of the practice of the leading country of the developed world, the USA , the knowledge infrastructure is analyzed from the standpoint of implementation of its main functions in the innovation system. The complementary role of the state bodies offederal and regional levels in support both traditional for agricultural sector infrastructure elements (The Extension Service) and the new elements, necessary for the effective implementation of the scientific-technical and innovation activities in the agricultural sector are showed.
In many countries, the transition from traditional fuels to renewable energy sources is associated with a strategy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, and stimulate the development of agriculture. The article deals with the production of various types of biofuels and types of raw materials from which it can be made, as well as modern technologies for its production. Particular attention is paid to the role of state support in the development of this area of energy, ensuring sustainable development of the industry. The analysis of the efficiency ofproduction and use of biofuels in various countries of the world: bioethanol in Brazil, biodiesel in the United States, the EU. The experience of Canada on the use of biofuels of the first generation and the process of transition to the second and third generations is considered. Comments were provided on the future prospects for improving the environmental and economic competitiveness of the biofuel industry in Russia.
In modern conditions, the economic entity-land user, which considers in its economic activities the ongoing economic processes, ensures its stable functioning and its activities are characterized by the influence of economic factors according to the classification of economic processes in agricultural land use: 1 - Quite unstable. (The complete absence of major changes in dynamic phenomena and their basis are natural processes in agricultural land use). 2 - Unstable. (Non-permanent effect of economic factors on the economic objects of agricultural land use and the negative dynamics of the economy of economic entities - land user.). 3 - Stable. (The process of speciation implies the influence of economic factors on the emergence of completely new varieties of cycles of dynamic phenomena for the stable functioning of economic objects of agricultural land use). Dynamic modification of processes (quite unstable, unstable and stable) is characterized by a system of indicators of changes in the main economic factors in agricultural land use.
The article analyzes the factors that determine the value of the value of agricultural land on the territory of the Oryol region, reveals the participation of the economic impact, determined on the basis of the average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees of organizations. The revealed participation of economic factors laid the basis for the development of a new model for estimating the market value of agricultural land in the process of challenging the cadastral value of land of this category in the region, based on the economic regionalization of the region.
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the state economic policy of Russia is aimed at gradually reducing the dependence of the domestic agro-industrial complex both on the import of food products and on the import of foreign high-performance equipment and technologies. The aim of the study was to consider the theoretical issues of technical and technological modernization related to its goals and objectives in agriculture, as well as the role in the innovative development of the agro-industrial sector. The methodological basis of the study was a review, analysis and generalization of the works of domestic scientists on the technical and technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex. As the main methods of research were used: the method of theoretical knowledge, monographic, analytical, as well as additional: historical and method of scientific abstraction. System and logical approaches were applied. The main result of the study is the author's generalization of the views of leading domestic scientists on the technical and technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex. According to the results of the study: the author presents the definition of technical and technological modernization; presents the goals and objectives of technical and technological modernization in agriculture; considered technological structures in the agroindustrial complex.