Ensuring global food security and achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) requires an integrated approach and joint efforts of all stakeholders in this area. The strategic goal of organizations such as FAO and IFAD is to systematically combat hunger and persistent malnutrition in all regions of the world. As part of their strategies, these organizations provide financial, technical and Advisory assistance to developing countries where these problems are most acute. One of the main directions of their activities is to stimulate innovation in the agricultural sector of the countries with which they cooperate. Russia, as a member of these organizations, contributes to the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas, the fight against the global problem of hunger.
The article deals with the analysis of the most important sectors of agriculture in Brazil, the commodity structure of agricultural export from Brazil, the main factors affecting the development of the agriculture in Brazil. There is an evaluation of Brazil’s contribution to world food security. The agriculture of Brazil is a knowledge -based industry with high potential, and the development of this industry will have a positive impact of the entire economy.
During the period of the special tax regimes, there was a significant transformation of tax privileges, conditions and scope of their application. Tax preferences that are applied with a single agricultural tax (SAT) have become equal to the general regime envisaged for agricultural producers. Agricultural producers (AP) must compare actual indicators with the criteria established for a specific tax regime and determine the appropriateness of its application when they choose a tax system. Special tax regimes (STR) with some exceptions, targeted for use by small and medium-sized businesses. In agriculture, particularly in agriculture, priority development has two regimes: General for the AP and special - SAT. In connection with the expansion of the coverage of SAT and the introduction of VAT increases influence of tax factor on the financial results of economic units.
The work focuses on the problems of location and specialization of agricultural production in the aspect of the implementation of the Spatial Development Strategy of Russia. Analyzed the interaction of the Strategy with other regulatory documents regulating the spatial development of regions and strategic planning. The spatial division of Russia into macro-regions was determined in accordance with the Strategy for the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025. On the basis of the general principles of the spatial development of the Russian Federation, indicated in the Strategy, the basic principles of location and specialization of agricultural production were developed. A grouping of Russian regions was made according to the principle of assigning agricultural production sectors to promising effective economic specialization and sectors of ineffective specialization, but critically important for the regional economy. The main priorities of state support and the results of the development of efficient sectors of agricultural production in the aspects of the economic specialization of the subjects of the Russian Federation are defined.
The continuing imbalances in the development of the agro-industrial and fisheries complex indicate a low level ofplanning both in production and in its promotion to domestic and foreign markets. The article reveals one of the main directions for solving this problem - the development of export ofproducts to world food markets. Based on a study of the domestic and foreign markets of agricultural and fish products, reasons have been identified that constrain the development of the industry, including the export-raw material mode of operation. It emphasizes the need to: pursue an active export policy, including preferences for creating competitive advantages in promising markets for Russian producers, following the example of the largest exporting countries of agricultural and fish products that enjoy the most favored conditions for exporting their products, which gives them additional competitive advantages; infrastructure development of the fish and fish products market; development of methodological base for quality control offish and fish products. State participation in resolving this issue, according to the author, can be implemented by setting tariff quotas for the export offishery products and changing the mechanism of distribution of quotas for the extraction of aquatic biological resources.
In the scientific article the basic principles, methods and approaches to the system of organization, management and planning of the forming development of the domestic meat products subcomplex are considered. Special emphasis was placed on the study of the structure and organization of inter-economic relations, as well as the levels of interaction of economic entities of different sectors of the sub-complex. It was found that the modern people-but-economic complex of the country has a very complex and multi-level structure. Its substantial part includes a large number of enterprises, industries and complexes. However, it is worth noting that in all the variety of economic entities, agriculture and the processing sector play an extraordinary role. These industry segments are designed to play a conceptual role in providing the population with food, food and agricultural raw materials in the required quantity and quality. As practice of researches proves, this installation both in retrospect, and at the present moment, and in the perspective future is a key criterion of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation.
The article discusses the problems of the development of domestic meat poultry farming on the basis of technical and technological modernization. The dynamics of the number of new, modernized and reconstructed poultry facilities has been analyzed and the volume of increase in poultry production for slaughter at these enterprises has been estimated. The impact of modernization processes on the poultry meat market was evaluated. The proposed measures of state support in terms of modernization of the industry, the implementation of which, according to the author, will contribute to the achievement offull provision of the domestic market for poultry products and the transformation of the sub-sector into an export-oriented business.
Intensive growth of sowing area under soybean in Russia led to intervention of the foreign companies on the soybean market. In nearest time, all this can negatively influence development of the Russian soybean market. Introduction of crop varieties bred by the foreign companies is forced both by seeds supply and their industrial seed production on the territory of our country. In spite of existing internal and external problems, breeding and seeds growing sector nonstop provide the market with seeds of high qualitative competitive soybean cultivars.
The study is dedicated to state support for the transfer of agricultural machinery to gas engine fuel as one of the ways to increase energy efficiency in the production of agri-food products in Russia. Considered the rules for the provision and distribution of subsidies from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to reimburse part of the cost of paying interest on investment loans received in Russian credit institutions and loans received in agricultural consumer credit cooperatives; concessional lending to agricultural producers at an interest rate on an investment loan and the purchase of compressed natural gas through the mechanism of federal leasing; development of the gas engine fuel market for agricultural producers; regional experience in the transition of agricultural machinery to gas engine fuel. The data on the results of the transition to compressed natural and liquefied hydrocarbon gas of agricultural equipment for a given period of time are presented. The paper presents the data contained in the adopted official documents - Federal Law No. 362-ФЗ “On the federal budget for 2018 and for the period 2019 and 2020", Federal Law No. 459-ФЗ “On the federal budget for 2019 and for the planning period 2020 and 2021 ", resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation; data from the Ministry of Agric ulture of Russia, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, JSC “Rosselkhozbank", JSC “Rosagroleasing", Association “Rosspetsmash", TASS, and ZAO Peasant Vedomosti.
In their work, an attempt is made to analyze the use of land shares by their owners using questionnaires, generalization of the information received.