The article discusses ways to manage the financial risks of grain producing enterprises using derivative financial instruments. The history of the Russian and world derivatives market formation is considered. The types of derivatives were studied, their main features were identified, and their classification was made. The market of US futures contracts for the period from 1980 to 2018 was considered, its volumes were studied, classification of futures contracts was made, and the dynamics of the trading exchange structure by types of futures contracts were studied. The Russian futures market is considered. Moscow Exchange futures and options trading statistics for the period from 2009 to 2018 is given. The structure of exchange trading by type of futures is considered. The structure of the NTB grain trade with the use of derivative financial instruments has been studied, ranging from the introduction of deliverable futures in 2008 to the introduction offorward and swap transactions in 2015-2016. Analyzed the stages of organized commodity market development. The main possible reasons that may further hinder the development of a grain exchange are considered.
Sustainable and dynamic functioning of the agrarian business in the context of import substitution requires constantly growing volumes of investment resources, and to attract them you must have a high degree of investment attractiveness. However, due attention is not paid to the issues offormation of investment attractiveness in the agricultural sector, given this the main source for the implementation of import substitution will be in the period up to 2020 budget funds. The concept of import substitution fits perfectly into the idea of the RF food safety doctrine, which was adopted in 2010. Subsequently, it was repeatedly refined, but the general meaning remained the same creating conditions in the domestic market, under which Russian producers would be able to strengthen their positions, and less dependent on foreign goods. The import substitution of the agricultural sector has become an instrument for solving the problems posed in the doctrine. The need for import substitution in the domestic economy is long overdue, the Russian economy has for a long time been exclusively commodity-oriented, which has led to import dependence in industry, trade, agriculture and other industries. The article scientifically substantiates the modern directions of development of the agrarian business in terms of the policy of import substitution on the basis of the conducted system analysis.
The article reveals the concept of «innovation-oriented development of agricultural production». The importance of identification of directions of innovation-oriented development on the basis of the choice of optimal strategic parameters of qualitative renewal of agricultural production is noted. Some proposals for improving the mechanism of implementation of the strategy of innovation-oriented development of agricultural organizations are given.
The article presents the results of research in the field of rationality of the economic behavior of agricultural producers, reveals the reasons and developed a model of economic procrastination of business entities in agricultural production.
In the submitted article the installed power per employee of work as one of criteria characterizing the level and extent of implementation of innovative technologies and the new equipment in agricultural production is considered. On the example of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation the group of regions on this indicator which showed that with growth of installed power per employee of work increase in extent of updating of the equipment in the agricultural organizations is observed is given, profitability ofproduction and a share of the organizations applying separate types of innovative technologies increases. In the conditions of adaptation of economic entities to conditions of structural and technological shifts in agrarian economy changes in the vocational list of agricultural workers are traced.
The economic significance of land is mainly considered from the point of view of the formation of a land market. The criteria for the economic value of agricultural land is divided into two groups: the first group characterized by the productivity of certain types of crops per unit area of land; The second group belongs to the category of profitability, which characterizes the amount of profitability of agricultural land of different quality. The formation of a modern mechanism for determining the economic value of indicators in agricultural land use will allow economic entities - land users in the food market.
The article deals with the problems of human capital formation. conditioned by the conditions and way of life of the rural population. Studying conditions of realization of human capital, it is established that the unresolved questions of unemployment and rural poverty interfere with its normal reproduction. It is concluded that the territorial disparities between the city and the village continue to persist, preventing the increase of employment and the acceleration of the process of accumulation of human capital. It is proved that an important factor affecting the parameters of human capital development is the provision of rural population with housing and social infrastructure. The main components of long-term policy aimed at improving the efficiency of the processes offormation and use of human capital in rural areas are proposed as an effective tool.
The Transition to a «green» economy will inevitably affect both the structure of employment and the content of educational programs and the education system as a whole. Many sectors of the economy, including the agroindustrial complex, will undergo changes that will lead to increased requirements for vocational education.
Information is given about the current state of water supply the population of rural areas of China, the quality of water consumed for irrigation and drinking purposes. The main problems and the ways to solve them in improving the infrastructure for the consumption of clean drinking water by the rural population, taken by the Chinese government and the provincial authorities, are considered. In terms of the volume of renewable water resources/ The relevance of the topic of this study is to analyze the current state of water supply in the rural areas of China, identify some areas in the rationalization of the use of available water resources in relation to the Russian agro-industrial complex. The state of the issue of the expediency of the mass transfer of clean water from Lake Baikal and the water basins of the Altai Territory, the solution of which is problematic not only for China, but also for the Russian government, given the discontent of the local population and a sharp decrease in the water level in Baikal. The aim of the work is to identify the Chinese experience solutions at the state and local (in the provinces) levels of government, existing problems of water supply of the population of rural territories.