Competitiveness of the state on the international market is an important criterion for the effectiveness of the Russian agribusiness. The authors developed and tested the program «Comparative rating assessment of the competi-tiveness of states in the market of the food market v1.0» designed to automate the assessment of the competitiveness of states in the agricultural products market in terms of production, commercial costs and sales price. The output of the program is a histogram with the results of calculations.
In the presented article, the problems of the spatial development of the agrarian territories of the Russian Federation are considered, with the main emphasis being placed on the economic basis of spatial development. The author puts forward and substantiates the assumption that for the integrated development of agrarian territories it is not enough to take into account only socio-economic indicators of development, it is important to take into account the complex influence of social, environmental and economic factors. From the point of view of the agricultural producer, the economic efficiency of large-scale production is much higher than small-scale production. However, the assess-ment of production should be considered not only from the point of view of the owner, but also taking into account the interests of all residents of the agrarian territory. As one of the most important problems, the wrong placement of large livestock breeding complexes, negatively affecting the ecological situation in rural areas, as well as the epizoot-ic well-being of the territory, is indicated. The author assumes that it is possible to reduce the negative impact of the scale effect through the development of medium-sized and small-sized enterprises that are optimal in size. This will have a positive effect both on the ecological situation of the agrarian territories, and on the quality of agricultural products, increase of jobs in the countryside, as well as preservation of the rural infrastructure.
In article methodological provisions, the principles and methodical approaches to formation of the organi-zational and economic mechanism of effective functioning of dairy cattle breeding in Russia are considered. Ap-proaches, criteria and indicators to assessment of efficiency of development and distribution of the state support of the industry in categories of agricultural producers (SHO, K(F)H, IP, HN) are offered. An assessment and suggestions for improvement of policy of food supply and import substitution are given.
The relevance of the study is due to the increasing technological transformation and development of the world agro-industrial complex. In the context of economic globalization, the increase in agricultural subsidies in developed countries leads to a direct suppression of agricultural growth in developing countries, increasing their dependence on imports of raw materials and finished products, and technologies and equipment. In the current conditions, the further development of agriculture of the EAEU member States should be based on the introduction of new achievements, such as information technology, biotechnology and others. In our opinion, the Union of States within the EAEU with the competent building of economic relations on the basis of cooperation, concentration of resources and the use of long-term planning provides significant advantages in addressing issues of scientific and technological development and renewal of agriculture of the EAEU member States, promotion of commercialization and implementation of the results of scientific and technical activities. Thus, the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU member States is now facing a systemic challenge that necessitates the updating of the technical, technological, scientific and information base of the agro-industrial complex on a qualitatively new innovative basis, which will solve the problems of food security, healthy nutrition of the population and environmental management. The solution of issues of scientific and technological development of agriculture of the EAEU member States is possible on the basis of the creation of integrated innovative formations within the Union, one of which is the Eurasian agricultural technological platform (hereinafter, EATP) created to carry out systematic work on the accumulation of advanced national and world achievements of scientific and technical development in the field of agriculture, mobilization of scientific potential of the member States for joint solution of applied problems in agriculture of the EAEU countries, development of innovative products and their implementation in the agro-industrial complex. Further development of the EATP will allow it to become an effective innovative mechanism for the development and implementation of the results of scientific and technical activities in agriculture of the Eurasian economic Union. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the Eurasian agricultural technology platform as one of the mechanisms of scientific and technological development of the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU member States. The main results of the study is the author's generalization of the views of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the scientific, technological and innovative development of the agro-industrial complex, as well as the formation and effective functioning of technological platforms in the field of agriculture. According to the results of the study: the author presents the definition of the concept of technological platforms and the organizational and economic mechanism of the EATP; presents a list of Eurasian technological platforms in the approved areas; formulated the main objectives of the EATP and presents the main directions of its development.
Since the approval of the government program «Digital Economy of Russian Federation», which runs until 2035, and the completion of the development in 2018 ofindustry sub-program «Digital agriculture», the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and the governments of all hierarchical levels have a lot of work to create new management systems, whose goal is to move from management «in the fire brigade mode» to management on the basis of planning and forecasting risks, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of land resources use [1]. However, the current level of digitalization of domestic agricultural economy is a serious concern because of the lack of up-sufficiency of the number of IT professionals, the lack of scientific and practical knowledge on innovative agricultural technologies and methodologies, the lack of global forecast on the prices of agricultural products on the world market , undeveloped logistics and other reasons. Only a small number of agricultural producers have the necessary financial resources to purchase new equipment, use IT technologies and platforms. According to Rosstat in 2017, investments in IT technology in our country amounted to 0,85 billion rubles or 0.2‰ of the investment in all sectors of Russia [14]. The relevance of the study of foreign experience is used on local authorities at the municipal level and in the farms due to the possibility of adapting some of its elements to the Russian conditions that will facilitate express implementation of state and branch programs on the digital economy. The aim is to analyze the state of local self-management of US agriculture, China, France, Germany and other countries and their approaches in the implementation and use of funds Digital economy in agricultural production. When presenting the results of the study, the following method was used: the economic and statistical analysis of the aggregate of the indicator of the availability and digitization of the management activities of self-governing bodies abroad.
In article economic aspects of innovative development of the agrarian sector of economy reveal. Author's approach to formation of model of innovative development in modern conditions is offered and the principles of implementation of innovative policy in agrarian and industrial complex are evidence-based.
Modernization of the Russian agro-industrial complex and its gradual shift to the innovative way of development, introduction of high technologies that ensure the intensification of agriculture in achieving food security in the country, are justified by the need to overcome the effects of the disposal of agricultural lands, technogenic influence of agriculture on the environment, etc. The paper considers the problems of contemporary development of agro-industrial complex, sets out the tasks of modernization and innovation development of agricultural activities. Innovative directions, which will increase the efficiency of agricultural production in the country and regions are highlighted.
Intensive development of agriculture in the conditions of rising energy prices is possible only with the development of energy-saving production technologies. To form energy-efficient agriculture is real only in the presence of organizational and economic methods of energy saving management. Energy saving in agriculture is the implementation of scientific, organizational, technical and technological measures aimed at rationalizing the use of energy resources (energy capacity, fuel, electricity). In agriculture, a large list of energy resources is used: self-propelled machinery (tractors, combines, transport), stationary energy capacity (equipment of livestock farms, reclamation equipment), electricity, fuel and lubricants (gasoline, diesel fuel, oil), fuel (gas, coal, peat, wood, etc.), renewable energy (solar, water, wind energy).Energy saving is a process of effective use of material and technical, fuel and energy, financial and other resources. The purpose of energy saving in agribusiness is the production of agricultural products with the best quality indicators with a minimum of total energy costs and increased economic returns. The problem of organizational and economic mechanism of energy saving has become particularly relevant in recent years. It should be noted that energy saving is not only about saving fuel and electricity, the key areas of energy saving are also reducing the need for energy capacity (machinery and equipment), reducing the energy intensity of production as a whole, the use in the production of alternative energy sources. Technical and technological modernization of agriculture has a direct impact on the energy intensity of production. The article presents a detailed analysis of the expenditure of energy resources in the agricultural sector, and analyzes the measures of state leveling the growth of energy prices.
The inclusion of high-protein feed additives in the form of cakes and meal obtained from the processing of oilseeds (sunflower, soybeans, rapeseed) in the rations of livestock and poultry will help increase the productivity of all sub-sectors of animal husbandry and improve the quality of products. The main consumers of oil cakes and meal in agriculture are poultry farming and pig breeding. Strengthening the feed base of livestock through oilseed feed crops will significantly improve production efficiency and competitiveness of products both in the domestic and international markets, and will ensure sustainability in the development of the entire agriculture of the country.
The paper shows the advantages and disadvantages of large-scale agricultural production in the grain subcomplex. Tendencies of development of grain economy of the Belgorod region are revealed. It is proved that in the Belgorod region there are all conditions for further increase in grain production through the use of biological farming system. The high efficiency of grain production using the biological system of agriculture in the Belgorod region. In particular, it is characterized by low production costs compared to intensive farming system, higher quality of grain, the ability to reproduce soil fertility. It is shown that a significant amount of grain production falls on the agro-industrial formation of the holding type. The study justified the parameters of grain production and the calculation of the number of grain farms necessary to meet the needs of food and feed grain until 2025, based on the specialization of economic entities.