The study made analytical calculations for groups and indicators proving that in modern conditions of agricultural production is not always the scale of production determine its effectiveness. Efficiency in unstable economic systems is determined by the level of organization of agricultural production, the coherence of managers and chief specialists. In addition, it is shown that in stable economic conditions the scale effect has a certain impact on the profitability of agricultural production. We are talking primarily about a self-sustaining agricultural organizations. The paper proves the influence of the level of specialization on the profitability of agricultural production. Despite the fact that due to the high level of diversification of agricultural production, agricultural organizations have a low level of specialization, calculations show that the profitability and level of specialization are directly dependent. The paper presents a comparative description of farms producing grain using intensive technology and biological farming system. The biological system of agriculture has undeniable advantages here, due to the more pronounced influence of technology, scale of production and the level of its specialization on the profitability of production.
The least costly factor in the sustainable development of wheat production, its rational distribution throughout the country and the specialization of individual regions in the production of spring and winter wheat are the most effective measure that can increase the profitability of the industry, its competitiveness, and provide domestic and foreign markets with high-quality grain. To increase the efficiency of wheat production, it is necessary to take into account a whole complex of interrelated factors affecting its production, based on the territorial and sectoral division of labor - the main indicator of growth and cheapening of high-quality grain production. The article reviewed and analyzed the main parameters of the production of spring and winter wheat for the time period 1956-2017. The dynamics of sown areas, gross yield, the level of yield fluctuations, the proportion of spring and winter wheat in crops and the production of all wheat and grain crops, determining the dominant role of winter wheat in the country, are calculated and investigated. The creation of specialized zones for the production of spring and winter wheat will ensure the sustainability of its production and will allow the export of a significant amount of high-quality commercial grain. In this regard, a system of parameters and indicators is proposed, the conditions for effective wheat production in the country are defined.
Effective development of rice farming should be ensured by strengthening its financial sustainability. This requires the production of demanded products, then the movement of financial flows will ensure the receipt of profit from its implementation, to lead an expanded reproduction and become the main source of investment. However, it should be borne in mind that efficient rice production requires organizational and technological sustainability, which implies the rational use of the resources used, favorable soil and climatic conditions for rice cultivation. At the same time, increasing competition is becoming one of the most important incentives for the steady development of the organizational and technological sustainability of rice growing
The article presents a scientific justification for the creation of a state information system for livestock breeding for the purpose of regulating and controlling breeding work by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation to ensure Russia's food, veterinary, economic and biological security, as well as to reduce import dependence on foreign breeding and biological materials. These tasks are set in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 350 dated 07/21/2016, and their solution can be carried out within the framework of the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025.
The article analyzes and assesses the problems, related to the organization of breeding and genetic work in the Russian poultry rasing. It was noted that the functioning of the sub-sector is accompanied by the intervention of products of foreign importers, disparity of prices for industrial resources and poultry products. Broiler production is deficient in breeding resources.It was concluded that the transition of domestic poultry production to qualitatively new frontiers to ensure food security of the country requires improving the efficiency of breeding and genetic work, and this, in turn, will reduce the dependence on imported genetic material and decrease the risks of possible sanctions barriers.
The paper deals with the problems of scientific support for state policy in the areas of energy resources supply and energy efficiency when producing and distributing of agrifood products in Russia. Energy spending sectors in production and agrifood products distribution in the agroindustrial complex are determined. Some data on energy intensity of national economy and agriculture in Russia and leading world economies are given. The requirement of single approach to state energy policy in the Russian agroindustrial complex, including the main problems of adequate energy supply and energy efficiency rising in production and distribution of agrifood products. Energy saving and energy efficiency rising are suggested as an areas offocus relatively to promotion of energy resources availability. The components of scientific support of management mechanism for energy supply and energy efficiency are listed and main stages of implementation of this process are demonstrated thereupon.
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, despite the difficult economic situation of the agroindustrial complex of Russia and its enterprises, innovative processes in the industry have gradually become more active. This is especially true of the group of the most advanced agricultural enterprises in the country, which are intensively developing innovations in production, while the vast majority of enterprises that introduce scientific achievements in production, achieve significant improvement in production and economic indicators. However, most of the innovations used in the agro - industrial complex are foreign. Thus, the share of imported seeds in the total volume of sugar beet is 65‰, potatoes - 53‰, corn - 34‰. Import of breeding cattle and high-performance machinery is at the level of 50‰. This situation poses a serious threat to national food security, while it is not visible, which is much more serious than the broad presence in the Russian market of imported food. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine the problems and conditions for the further development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia on an innovative basis. As the main methods of research were used systematic and logical approaches, the method of theoretical knowledge, as additional: historical and scientific abstraction method. The main results of the study is the author’s generalization of the views of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the innovative scientific and technological development of the agro-industrial complex. According to the results of the study: the author gives the definition of the concept (term) "innovation presents the classification of innovations in relation to the agro-industrial complex; considers the General factors hindering the innovative development of agriculture; highlights the main types (directions) of innovation in agriculture; gives the main objectives of innovative development of agriculture; developed directions of innovative development of agriculture at the regional level.
Reports of agricultural enterprises can be financial, statistical and operational. Financial reporting is a unified system reflecting information about the property and financial position of the organization, as well as the results of its operation. It is prepared on the basis of the accounting data. Statistical reporting is formed on the basis of information on statistical, accounting and operational accounting. It reflects the various indicators of economic activity of the enterprise and contains numerical and cost indicators. Operational reporting is based on operational accounting information. These reports reflect some of the characteristics of agricultural organizations for management purposes. The article is devoted to the consideration of accounting financial statements and specialized forms of agricultural economic entities in order to reflect information on biological assets at their fair value.
Ensuring food security and respecting food sovereignty are especially important for the livelihood of the Arctic peoples, based on traditional knowledge and seasonal practices for obtaining traditional food. The strategies for ensuring food security and food sovereignty of the inhabitants of the Arctic must first be diversified as well as both short-term and long-term. The analysis of the most important indicators offood security and sovereignty reveals important key indicators such as the state of health and social well-being in the northern rural settlements. When assessing the shifts in the use of the resource potential of the Arctic regions, an analysis of land use conflicts arising between traditional economic activities and northern agricultural production on the one hand, and industrial and infrastructural development on the other is especially necessary.
The article is devoted to the study of the role of the state in the regulation of national land relations. The current land legislation does not fully ensure the effective use and preservation of agricultural land. The country has not sufficiently systemically regulated and legislated land protection and control over their use. The modernization of land relations necessary for the formation of land turnover is inseparable from the system of formation of modern agricultural land use, which, in turn, is based on the redistribution of land between different categories of agricultural producers and the corresponding rights to them.