Despite the positive trends of recent years, there is still a lack of sufficient supply of mineral fertilizers to meet the needs of domestic farmers. One of the main reasons for this situation is the underdeveloped logistics infrastructure in this area. Therefore, it is advisable to develop a network of logistics hubs in Russia to increase the availability of agricultural chemicals in the domestic market and increase exports to international markets. The development of hubs within three business models seems logical: large full-service distribution centers, transshipment hubs, and specialized (niche) distributors. In addition, it is important to consider the specifics of hub design, depending on whether they are focused on the domestic market or exports, as they differ in their goals and functions, infrastructure, volumes and sources of financing, risks, and other parameters. The article provides a description of the commodity, financial, and information flows during the operation of hubs, as well as an assessment of the main trends and risks in the studied field of activity. The article substantiates the conclusion that building an effective network of regional and export logistics hubs will improve the provision of key resources such as "growth vitamins" to Russian farmers, enhance food security, make the fertilizer supply system more reliable and flexible, increase the export potential of domestic agrochemical companies and strengthen their position in the global market, and reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment.
The article examines the role of technical modernization in agriculture as a key factor in the implementation of regional agrarian policy. Based on the analysis of statistical data from 2018 to 2023, the paper identifies trends in the availability of modern agricultural machinery, outlines the problems of fleet renewal, and presents regional case studies (Republic of Tatarstan and Belgorod Region). Particular attention is paid to federal and regional support measures, including preferential leasing, subsidies, and concessional lending. The study concludes that accelerating the pace of technical modernization is essential for improving production efficiency and ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas.
Infrastructure is an integral part of the economic activity of the fishing industry, increasing the efficiency of the fishing industry and increasing the competitiveness of products in the food market. Infrastructure includes transport and energy facilities, product storage, communication technologies, and financial and social institutions. Reducing production costs and the cost of delivering products to the end consumer, ensuring the economic accessibility of fish products to all categories of citizens are key tasks of infrastructure elements. Each of the infrastructure elements plays an important role in ensuring access to resources, markets and services, forming the conditions for effective interaction between market participants and contributing to the economic development of industry. Infrastructure components thus provide a structural interconnection of all stages of the production process – production, distribution or exchange and final consumption. The study conducted in certain infrastructure areas showed good results, primarily this applies to production infrastructure. Others require the development of a new regulatory framework and the search for modern scientific developments, this is especially true for the communication infrastructure. And in the same absence of comprehensive reliable information, it did not allow to fully present the overall picture of the complex infrastructure architecture and its interaction to solve key issues of further development of the fishing industry. We are currently actively searching for the necessary information from various sources, both public and private, and in the future we will try to present a detailed analysis of the problem under consideration in a wider format.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of scientific approaches to the definition and assessment of competition and competitiveness, starting with classical economic theory and ending with modern theories that consider these categories taking into account global structural changes in geopolitics, economic systems, and technologies. The study, conducted on an extensive base of scientific works in the field of competitiveness of foreign (A. Smith, K. Marx, D. Riccardo, J. Schumpeter, M. Porter, W. Jevons and others) and Russian researchers (G.B. Kleiner, M.I. Gelvanovsky, R.A. Fatkhutdinov and others) allowed the authors to clarify the concept, principles and factors of competitiveness, taking into account modern trends in Russia and the world. Based on a comparative analysis of classical and modern theories, their contribution to the development of methodology for assessing the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex was determined; a number of fundamental theoretical and methodological principles have been formulated, defining the "enterprise – value chain – business ecosystem – region – country" system as the object of assessment. An analysis of competition and competitiveness theories revealed the characteristic features of these economic categories in the agri-food sector. The article emphasizes that competitiveness is shaped by a complex of internal and external factors: economic, innovative, social, environmental, and infrastructural. The authors recommend distinguishing between current, adaptive, and transformational competitiveness. A multi-vector approach to assessing the competitiveness of the agri-food sector is proposed.
This study identifies and structures key trends in the digital transformation of Russia's agro-industrial complex based on an analysis of the practices of leading organizations in the crop production sector. The relevance of this topic stems from the strategic importance of digitalization for ensuring food security and the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex in the face of global challenges. The paper addresses the lack of an empirically based understanding of the real priorities for digital development, which hinders the development of adequate strategies at both the corporate and industry levels. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis and scoring of the digitalization level of the five largest agricultural holdings (OOO ABH MIRATORG (hereinafter referred to as Miratorg), JSC Firm Agrokompleks named after N.I. Tkachev (hereinafter referred to as Agrokompleks named after N.I. Tkachev), JSC Holding Company Prodimex (hereinafter referred to as Prodimex), PJSC GROUP RUSAGRO (hereinafter referred to as RusAgro), OOO EKONIVA-APK HOLDING (hereinafter referred to as EkoNiva) in three key areas (smart farming, management and analytics, digital logistics) using weighting factors reflecting the economic importance of each area. The reliability of the findings is confirmed by a correlation analysis of the relationship between the integral digitalization indicator and the dynamics of revenue per hectare. The results revealed significant heterogeneity Digital development studies quantitatively confirmed the existence of a "digital divide" even among the industry's largest players. Stable trends were identified—comprehensive automation of fieldwork, the development of predictive analytics, and the implementation of end-to-end product traceability systems-but expectations of mass robotization and the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) were not confirmed. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between the level of digitalization and the rate of operational efficiency growth, confirming the role of digital transformation as a driver of long-term development. The conclusion substantiates the need to transition to a phased digitalization model, proposed based on the identified patterns.
Currently, the grain market of the BRICS countries is characterized by a high level of grain consumption, accounting for 47% of the world consumption of wheat, 41% of corn, 60% of rice. According to the OECD-FAO forecast, by 2033, consumption of major grain crops in the world will increase by an average of 9.7%, in the BRICS countries – by 10 percent. Given the significant growth in grain consumption in the next decade, the development of grain trade (primarily wheat) between Russia and the BRICS countries has great prospects. The article notes that Russia's export opportunities in grain trade with the BRICS countries are directly related to the efficiency of the agrologistics system and the development of grain market infrastructure. Currently, the Russian government pays special attention to the development of grain market infrastructure, which is reflected in the adopted strategic documents on the development of the industry: the national project "International Cooperation and Export" and the "Long-Term Strategy for the Development of the Grain Complex of the Russian Federation until 2025 and for the Perspective until 2035". The measures outlined in these documents are aimed at developing a highly efficient, competitive, and innovatively attractive grain management system, encompassing the production, processing, storage, and marketing of grain crops and their by-products. This system ensures Russia's food security and creates the conditions for developing significant export potential. The adopted strategic documents provide financial support for infrastructure development and export incentives. The article outlines Russia's key projects for the modernization of port terminals, the construction of railway terminals, and the construction of modern storage facilities at production sites. It is noted that expanding deep grain processing capacity will contribute to the development of grain export potential. Russia's state policy places particular emphasis on developing trade infrastructure to facilitate unimpeded trade and ensure the sustainability of agricultural production and value chains, including the development of Russian trade infrastructure in key agricultural importing countries. One of Russia's most recent initiatives is the creation of a grain trading exchange mechanism within the BRICS framework. This article examines the main areas of work to establish a grain exchange, as well as the challenges and problems that can be addressed by pooling efforts among BRICS countries to accelerate the implementation of this initiative.
This article examines the challenge of achieving technological sovereignty in the domestic agro-industrial complex. Russian science and industrial enterprises play a crucial role in this process. It is noted that one of the fundamental elements of technological sovereignty in the agro-industrial complex is technical support, which suggests that the key areas critical to ensuring technological independence are those that support domestic production through the development of unique technologies, thereby making Russian agricultural products more competitive. The article substantiates the need to create appropriate conditions for the acquisition of domestic agricultural machinery by agricultural producers within the country. This will be significantly facilitated by the implementation of the national project «Technological Support for Food Security» and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for the period 2017-2030 (hereinafter, FSTP). These policy documents stipulate the production of domestic machinery and equipment, once again emphasizing the relevance of technical support issues in the context of developing technological sovereignty. The paper examines the role and importance of development institutions Rosagroleasing JSC and Rosselkhozbank JSC in modernizing the country's agricultural production. To provide agricultural producers with technical resources, it is necessary to improve regulations and develop mechanisms and tools for operating unmanned aerial vehicles and other modern agricultural machinery. Proposals have been developed to improve the performance of development institutions and state support measures for the scientific and technological development of the industry.
The article examines the problems and prospects of developing the competitiveness of the agro-food cluster of the region (using the example of the Samara region) in the context of completing the transition phase of import substitution and entering the stage of "import transformation" and "import determination". Based on the analysis of statistical data for 2020-2025, a statistical analysis of the structure of agricultural production was carried out; the dynamics of the development of the agricultural sector was characterized, taking into account the effectiveness of its subjects. At the same time, the multidirectional dynamics of the development of agricultural production and the processing (food) industry in the region has been revealed. The analysis of strategic documents of the Samara region and the results of expert surveys revealed systemic imbalances that limit the synergetic effect of interactions within the agro-food cluster of the region. The authors propose a conceptual model based on a three-level system of principles (strategic, tactical and operational) and an integrated set of methods aimed at transforming the regional agro-industrial complex from a raw material appendage into an innovation – oriented, technologically connected production and sales complex – an organic part of the regional economic complex. The scientific novelty lies in the adaptation of cluster theory to the conditions of internal collaboration in response to structural changes, including in global markets. The practical significance of the study is to develop targeted recommendations for regional authorities and development institutions
В статье исследуется проблема воспроизводства земли как общественной производительной силы в условиях антропогенной нагрузки и глобальных экологических вызовов. Автор отходит от традиционного восприятия земли лишь как пассивного ресурса или пространственного базиса, рассматривая ее как сложную, динамическую и продуктивную систему, эффективность которой напрямую определяет устойчивость социально-экономического развития. Цель работы сводится к обоснованию необходимости перехода от эксплуатационной парадигмы к парадигме управляемого воспроизводства плодородия, экологических функций и социальной ценности земель. В статье систематизированы экономические подходы к пониманию процессов воспроизводства плодородия, ценности и полезных свойств земельных ресурсов, выявлены теоретические ограничения и потенциал каждой из парадигм. Особое внимание уделяется изучению вопросов оптимального способа эксплуатации земли, механизмов изъятия и присвоения ренты (дифференциальной, абсолютной), влияющих на долгосрочные инвестиции землепользователя в поддержание почвенного плодородия, роли прав собственности в формировании экономических стимулов для устойчивого землепользования. Делается вывод о том, что современная экономическая мысль постепенно преодолевает узкую трактовку воспроизводства как простого поддержания физических свойств природного объекта, смещая фокус на воспроизводство земли как многофункционального природно-экономического актива.
Due to the high probability of limiting the scope of modern land use planning to agricultural lands, the article analyzes scientific approaches to land surveying and land use planning measures from the beginning of their implementation in Russia until the 30s of the twentieth century. At the same time, the emphasis is on whether domestic land use planning was agricultural or more universal at that time and why, as well as on its understanding as an instrument of agrarian state policy or as a service provided to individuals and organizations interested in it. The study confirmed that domestic land use planning emerged as a measure to facilitate the implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reform of the early twentieth century, and as a result of the post-revolutionary nationalization of all lands in the country, it became the core of a set of land use planning measures, fully covering only agricultural land. The proposal to focus the new version of the Law on land use planning on agricultural lands is well-founded, meeting both the historical experience of domestic land use planning and the specifics of the current moment.