The work is devoted to the improvement of investment policy in agriculture in the context of ensuring economic security. The study substantiates the main directions of improving the state investment policy in the agro-industrial complex on the basis of increasing the role of investments in fixed assets of agricultural organizations and identifying the priorities for their investment, refined the methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of investment activities in the agricultural sector of the economy and formed the corresponding conceptual model.
The importance of logistics for the development of agricultural production and food export is difficult to overestimate. It is indicative in this regard that the Federal projects “Export of agricultural products” and “Logistics of international trade” are components of the National project / program “International Cooperation and Export”. In light of the tasks to radically increase agricultural exports by 2024, set by the Russian leadership, the article analyzes the state and prospects of development of the transport and logistics sector in Russia. On the bases of the legal framework some specific constraining factors in the logistics segments - automobile, rail and sea transport, transshipment, storage and forwarding services are shown. Trends of innovative development of the export logistics are also considered.
The article presents the results of the author's research problems of agriculture. Identified and reflected the direction of improving the efficiency of agriculture, carried out their ranking by priority level. A detailed description of the current state of such important factors of effective agricultural production as specialization, concentration, location, rational use of land, the development of breeding, seed production, breeding, modernization of fixed assets, storage, processing and sale of agricultural raw materials and food, the intensity and innovation of applied technologies and others. Measures of state regulation of agriculture, including features of investment policy are offered.
The article is devoted to the role of the national marketing system in potato breeding and seed production; methods of identifying factors that contribute to the introduction of marketing technologies for the sale of potato seeds of domestic breeding centers and stimulate the competitiveness of Russian seed farms in domestic (regional and municipal) and foreign (foreign countries) markets.
The article analyzes the trends in the volume of production of commodity products in the selected aggregate of agricultural organizations of homogeneous specialization. Groups of enterprises with a decline in the production of marketable products and with significantly different rates of growth were identified. In the context of these groups, the structure of factors causing such changes is revealed. The ratios of the main factors determining the current dynamics of the profitability of agricultural production of crop production are determined. A normative resource assessment of the conditions and reserves of grain production growth was carried out.
Over the years, the development of the Russian dairy industry is constrained by the imbalance of interests of raw materials producers and processors. Each of the participants of the dairy market seeks to increase profits, but processors have more opportunities to influence prices. The market of finished dairy products has long been consolidated and the main roles in it belong to large companies that have built plants designed for large volumes of processing of raw materials. For processors, the main goal is to maximize profits, including due to the cheapness of raw materials. As large producers, they are interested in creating industrial-type farms that provide volumes of purchased raw materials. Unlike the market of finished products, the market of raw milk in Russia is not consolidated. Small producers of raw materials are experiencing difficulties with the implementation. The problem of objectively existing contradictions in the interests of producers of raw materials and processors forces the public authorities of a number of market economies to take measures to regulate domestic production and prices, as well as to support exports. However, the main role in resolving the contradictions belongs to dairy cooperatives. They created a vertical pattern of production, including processing. It is large dairy cooperatives that have become the world's leading producers of dairy products. In Russia, an additional powerful factor affecting commodity prices in the production of dairy products is the widespread use of cheapening technologies. The Russian market of dairy products is also negatively affected by the decline in demand, which is associated with the state of the economy as a whole. The determining factor in the growth or decline in demand is the availability of prices for the mass buyer. The drop in household incomes has a particularly negative impact on the demand for deep processing products with high added value. In the conditions of the Russian Federation only the state can establish uniform rules of formation of price balance as the main tool of regulation of interests of all participants of the dairy market.
In Russian Federation, high gross grain harvests, especially wheat, in recent years exceeding domestic needs by almost 1.5 times and forming the country's main export grain potential, necessitate timely, preventable spoilage, sale of surplus grain to importing countries, of which there are over 130 items, of which 11 countries are purchasing over 1.0 million tons of Russian grain, mainly wheat of the 4th and 5th classes. At the same time, the strategic importance and the need to build up the country's grain export potential is to realize the existing and perspective advantages of the Russian agricultural economy, including the international division of labor, which helps domestic grain enter the world grain market and accelerate economic growth. The relevance of this work lies in a systematic analysis of the current state of grain production and export in Russia over the past three years and export-oriented transport grain infrastructure, identifying its shortcomings and development directions that significantly affect the timely implementation of the country's grain export potential. Positive conditions are formulated for the formation of export grain potential with the participation of the state. The aim of the study is to identify and generalize the existing organizational and economic problems and possible risks that impede the increase in export volumes of grain based on the analysis. Target indicators of grain production and export under various scenarios planned by the Government of Russia in 2024 and practical measures for their implementation are presented. The main results of the study are reasonable prerequisites for the further development of domestic grain production and growth of its export potential due to a number of objective factors cited.
The development of the labor market in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District has always been under the attention of the federal government bodies due to the peculiarities of their spatial distribution. In the Strategy of socio-economic development of the North-Caucasian Federal District until 2025. the situation on the labor market of the regions included in its composition is characterized as extremely unfavorable, while each of the entities has its own specifics and is distinguished by the dynamism of the processes taking place. The republics of the North Caucasus are among the ten constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the highest unemployment rates.
The need for a breakthrough in improving labor productivity in the domestic economy and increased attention to the problem of management bodies necessitates the appropriate scientific support, which is the purpose of the work in terms of labor productivity in agriculture. The paper analyzes the changes in the structures of production and employment, which occurred under the influence of the multiplicity, as the primary factors of labor productivity in the industry. The influence of other factors is also quantified. The study is performed as an empirical basis for the development of methodological aspects and methodological approaches to assess the impact of structural shifts on labor productivity.
The article reveals the methodological basis for the implementation of the principles of lean production in agriculture. Adaptation to the conditions of structural and technological transformations on the basis of management of value streams by means of mapping of value streams takes place in a continuous process of improvement and elimination of losses and risks. Allocation of the main object of management accounting-values changes the approaches of management to the organization of production and forms a high organizational structure. Integration of internal information sources with digital systems allows accurate justification of strategic management decisions. Value stream management involves the systematic use of lean production tools and external information from distributed Ledger systems, in which reliable information ensures transparency of agribusiness and guarantees the success and long-term economic relationships in the production chain