The article discusses the issues of forming an organizational and economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. It is noted, that under the influence of public needs to achieve the country's food security, technical and technological modernization of the industry and the development of import substitution, it is necessary to develop an organizational and economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex that ensures sustainable expanded reproduction. Currently, a number of negative macroeconomic and industry trends are being recorded: budget restrictions, a high key rate of the Bank of Russia, a decrease in the profitability of agricultural organizations, increasing price disparity in the agro-industrial complex, low dynamics of investment activity in the industry, a decrease in the number of people employed in agriculture and depopulation of rural areas, low level of wages in agriculture. In 2024, these factors were supplemented by adjustments to budget and credit policies in the agri-food sector: there was a regrouping of the areas of subsidies for agricultural producers (instead of two subsidies, compensating and stimulating, one “united” one was introduced); The mechanism for preferential lending has changed - a floating rate on loans has been introduced. In addition to changes in the lending mechanism, transformations are observed in agricultural insurance. As for the price situation, almost every year price imbalances arise in one segment of the agri-food market, then in another. The authors emphasize that the main functions of the organizational and economic mechanism are currently: reproduction, stimulation and the formation of an optimal balance between the demand for agri-food products and their supply. The main task of forming an optimal organizational and economic mechanism is to create a motivation system in which every economic entity benefits and, in general, the efficiency of the entire economy increases. The formation of such a system of incentives is, to a greater extent, the task of the state, which is carried out by it on the basis of the development of the necessary institutions and institutional infrastructure that allows the implementation of established norms and rules. At the same time, it is necessary not to forget about the importance of self-regulation of commodity producers and the formation of equilibrium behavior of economic entities in accordance with incentives.
The title of the article to a certain extent reveals its content, which examines complex, little-researched issues on the scientific basis for the formation and management of rural agglomerations. The author’s definition of the essence of the category “rural agglomeration”, its origins is given, the current state of agglomeration relations in the agricultural sector is characterized, the need for the development of this process in the appropriate directions is proved, as a key condition for increasing the attractiveness of agricultural work and lifestyle in the countryside, in order to overcome such an unfavorable demo- graphical situation in the rural areas of the country.
In the modern conditions of the functioning of the Russian economy, agro-industrial holdings face the need to achieve a significant market share, expand production, introduce new technologies and cover increasing demand. Increasing production volumes, searching for new trading partners and equipment suppliers requires significant investments. To increase the efficiency of investments, a competent assessment of the investment attractiveness of agricultural companies is necessary, taking into account the rapid changes in the external environment. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for analyzing the investment attractiveness of agricultural organizations in the Russian Federation, taking into account changes in the importance of factors affecting it. The concept of investment attractiveness has been clarified and the methodology for its assessment has been improved. In the course of the work, based on Russian and foreign sources, the conducted survey formulated a list of factors that have a different impact on the choice of an investor. In the course of the work, an integral assessment of the investment attractiveness of companies in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation was determined, based on the author's analysis methodology. The study showed that, depending on the state of development of the country, the strength of the influence of various factors on investment attractiveness varies. To account for the power of influence, it is recommended to use weighting factors.
Economic theory is designed to provide answers to the search for a fair distribution of created public goods in the process of material production between all participants in economic activity. The depth and objectivity of the theoretical and methodological substantiation underlies the disclosure of the regularity of the change of technological patterns that affect the development of social production, respectively, socio-economic and scientific and technological progress. Economic analysis introduces a certain order and meaning in the generalization and correct interpretation of emerging factors, linking them together and establishing a relationship between them to obtain objective and correct conclusions that allow us to understand the nature of a particular phenomenon of a socio-economic, historical and cultural nature. Defining the goals and objectives of the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of the fishing industry, applying various concepts, strategies, forecasts necessary for a comprehensive analysis, it is important to apply them to the main structural elements of the entire hierarchy of economic relations in the fisheries complex.
The land reform initiated and carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation over the past thirty years has been accompanied by changes in laws and regulations, which are designed, on the one hand, to create conditions for the redistribution of agricultural land and ensure the creation and development of diverse forms of ownership in the agro-industrial complex, and on the other - to involve these lands in the system of market relations. At the present stage, the following types of land rights are enshrined in legislation: ownership, lease of land, permanent (indefinite) use, lifelong inherited possession, gratuitous urgent use, easement. Within the framework of the conducted research, it is considered how the action of the market mechanism allows in practice: a) transform state and municipal ownership into private ownership, b) realize the right to lease agricultural land plots of state and municipal ownership by subjects of land relations.
The article provides an assessment of the current level of innovation in the country's food production. Much attention is paid to the analysis of innovative activity, the share of innovative goods in the total volume of shipped goods, the costs of production enterprises for innovative activities, as well as the calculation of the integral indicator of innovative development of food production by region of the country. The calculation of the integral indicator made it possible to identify the leading regions in innovative development of the industry.
To improve the level of information and advisory support in the agro-industrial complex, the scientific article proposes the application of a set of principles consisting of three interrelated blocks: «Principles that determine the content and quality of the provided support»; «Principles that regulate the economic relations of subjects and objects of the information and advisory support system»; «Principles that determine the need to achieve the effectiveness of support». The use of these principles actively contributes to ensuring the achievement of strategic goals of the state on the intensive development of agricultural production on the innovative basis of modern scientific developments. Promptness and accessibility of the received consulting support ensure the increase of efficiency of production and processing of agricultural products due to the high level of quality of services. Specialists organizing and directly implementing information and consulting support should have the necessary competencies in various areas of agribusiness. The article emphasizes the need for mandatory consideration of sectoral and regional specifics of economic activity of agribusiness entities on the example of the leading agrarian regions of the Siberian Federal District. The group of principles determining the economics of the studied type of support is singled out as a separate block: fully or partially gratuitous receipt of services by agricultural producers and processing enterprises; targeted nature of spending; the need to create a financial opportunity to compensate the costs of consulting to the recipients of services. Based on the nine provisions forming the first and second group of principles, the efficiency block is proposed, including the achievement of the resulting indicators in terms of budget spending and ensuring the development of rural areas. The proposed set of principles can be applied to the development of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of information and advisory support structures of the agro-industrial complex.
The article discusses the issues of forming a new model for the transfer of scientific developments into the economic practice of agricultural entities. In the process of research, the main elements of the organizational and economic mechanism for the transfer of scientific developments were identified. The individual elements of the Institute of Innovation Infrastructure are considered. Including the activities of the science city of Michurinsk, Tambov region, is shown in more detail. World-class scientific and educational centers, engineering centers, industry forecasting centers, and development institutes are considered as important elements of innovation infrastructure. In order to form elements of an innovation infrastructure that ensures the transfer of scientific developments to agricultural production, it is proposed to create sectoral innovative formations, as well as to supplement the practice of regulatory support of the agro-industrial complex.
The Russian seed sector consists of research institutes, specialized universities, selection centers, experimental and educational production farms that were formed during the USSR period, as well as private organizations formed in the post-Soviet period. In the absence of adequate statistical information on the seed sector in Russia, it is difficult to conduct analytical studies. At the same time, open sources indicate a significant dependence on the import of seeds of a number of crops, for example, potatoes, sugar beets, corn, rapeseed, soybeans and others. On the contrary, the French seed sector is an effective mechanism for supplying seeds not only to French farmers, but also to agricultural producers in 150 foreign countries. Today France is a leading seed producer and exporter, occupying a leading position in the world. Russia is the largest buyer among third countries for the French sector. This position remains despite the current sanctions. In addition, a number of seed companies have created joint ventures or built seed production facilities in Russia.
An analysis of the main trends in the development of transport and logistics services in the world in general and in the food sector in particular was carried out. The main leading countries in the world market of transport and logistics services have been identified - the countries of the European Union, Canada, and the USA. Using the example of the countries of the European Union, the most important directions in the formation of transport and logistics infrastructure are considered, special attention is paid to the development of a network of transport and logistics centers as the basis for organizing goods distribution in the food market. The basic principles of organization are identified and the main elements of a transport and logistics center in the EU are characterized. The role of the state in supporting the creation and operation of transport and logistics centers, the role of public-private partnerships in its management and financing are shown. It was noted that at the present stage, great assistance in the development of transport and logistics infrastructure in the European Union is provided by the non-profit organization «Europlatforms», whose activities are focused on the development of logistics platforms in European countries as hubs of transport infrastructure. The article notes that Russia lags significantly behind the level of development of the transport and logistics services market from developed and most developing countries, which is largely due to the low pace of implementation of measures to develop the infrastructure of the transport and logistics services market in the regions of Russia.