The article is devoted to the state support for the application of fertilizers for agricultural crops at the federal and regional levels. The state and prospects of production and use of fertilizers for increasing the fertility of agricultural land are considered. The analysis of state support for the application of fertilizers for agricultural crops (unrelated support, short-term concessional lending, reimbursement of part of the costs of land reclamation measures, compensation of part of the costs of transportation, etc.) at the federal and regional levels is carried out, and the directions for its improvement are identified.
This paper presents the developed methodology for forecasting the agri-food products markets based on single-product partial equilibrium models. It includes three models: the perfect competition market model, the imperfect competition model for import-dependent markets, which also includes elements of perfect competition, and the imperfect competition model for export-oriented markets. The perfect competition model makes it possible to obtain forecasts of production, exports, imports, consumption of agri-food products, as well as producer prices. The list of predicted indicators of the other two models is wider - in addition to those listed, the imports price is predicted, the third model makes it possible to obtain predictive estimates of the supply volumes of competitors' products to the sales segment of products from a given country. The urgency of using single-product models in combination with multi-product models, such as AGLINK-COSIMO, has been substantiated. On the example of an export-oriented market model, a methodological algorithm for the implementation of empirical analysis is considered. At the same time, special attention is paid to such aspects as the analysis of the export sales segment, the evaluation of the regression equations based on the demand functions, the construction of scenario forecasts. As an example, the mid-term forecasts of the Russian poultry meat market are presented. The developed forecasting methodology is intended for governing bodies making decisions on the development of economic policy measures..
The article considers the problem of taking into account the features of one of the most complex segments of Russian agricultural production – personal subsidiary farms of the population when developing a methodology for forecasting agri-food markets. In recent years, due to the growth of production in agricultural organizations and farms, the state's interest in the topic of production in the farm segment has significantly decreased. Support programs have almost been discontinued, and only measures that encourage the transition of private farms to the status of a farm have been preserved. However, for the agricultural sector of the Russian economy, this specific segment of production remains significant and requires attention when forecasting. Recently, the special role of private subsidiary farms for solving social problems, including as an important form of employment and income generation in rural areas, has been highlighted. Forecasting in the farm segment depends on the accuracy of statistical accounting data, in the methodology of which Rosstat makes adjustments based on the results of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 2016.
The article reveals the main problems of selection and seed production of agricultural crops in the Russian Federation. The high dependence of domestic crop production on foreign selection achievements has been noted. The existing model of selection and seed production of agricultural crops in the country is considered. The system of long-term challenges for the development of breeding in Russia includes the accelerated spread of genetically modified organisms (hereinafter referred to as GMOs) in the world. The main tasks for breeding and seed production of agricultural crops until 2030 have been formulated in accordance with the "Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation". Shows the role of the national project "Science" and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017 – 2025 (hereinafter referred to as FNTP) in the creation of a special innovative infrastructure in this sub-sector of crop production. New organizational and economic approaches to the development of domestic breeding and seed production of agricultural crops have been formulated.
The article presents the analysis of four climate change scenarios, differing in the intensity of warming (represented by the location of natural-agricultural zones) and the level of world prices for agricultural products. The analysis is carried out using a partial equilibrium model in the Russia's regional wholesale markets of agricultural products, based on the PF+PE-architecture (the VIAPI model). In conditions when in all Russia's federal subjects rational nutritional norms are on average observed, the growth of world prices for agricultural products under the influence of the climatic factor is not favorable for Russia, since the increase in import costs exceeds the additional benefits from exports. Estimates of changes in the volume of production of certain types of products at the sub national level are mostly negligible and unstable to such differences in scenario conditions that are secondary to the problem being solved. The most important of the findings is that the impact of climate change on the spatial distribution of consumption, commodity flows and prices can be significant even when there is little impact on production.
The problems of the development of agricultural and agro-industrial production are largely caused by insufficient financing of investments in the industry, which, in our opinion, is due to the weak elaboration of certain theoretical issues, especially those devoted to investment capital. This article focuses on the theoretical aspect of the consideration of investment capital in connection with the various basic views of representatives of economic scientific trends. The approach to investment capital is justified from the point of view of the sources of formation, the mechanism of distribution and use. Special attention is paid to rent as one of the elements in the formation of investment capital and its distribution in agriculture.
The expected population growth in the future requires a significant increase in food. The introduction of various fertilizers into the soil improves the quality of land, optimizes the nutrition of plants and increases their productivity. Therefore, for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the future, a steadily developing fertilizer market is necessary. The purpose of the study is to study the state of the fertilizer market, its infrastructure, as well as various vectors and factors that exert pressure on it using such scientific methods as comparison, deduction and induction, observation and abstraction, etc.
In the article, the authors present research on solving the most important practical problem for the agro-industrial complex of the Russia: the development of a system of criteria and indicators for the formation and development of the secondary market of used agricultural machinery in order to optimize the machine and tractor fleet. The works of many outstanding agricultural scientists of the country pay great attention to the development and economic trends of the secondary market of agricultural machinery in Russia and the leading agricultural countries of Europe and America. Convincing scientific arguments for the development of this most important area in the activities of the agro-industrial complex enable managers, specialists and scientists in the regions to constantly improve the work on extending the service life of expensive agricultural machinery and the efficiency of its use, including used ones.
An effective management system in the agro-industrial complex at the present stage is impossible without the introduction of digital decision-making systems. The digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex is a prerequisite for the development of the industry and the achievement of a positive economic effect, both at the level of individual agricultural enterprises, and at the regional and federal levels. The introduction of digital decision-making systems will reduce costs in the agro-industrial complex, ensure a more profitable use of land resources, and increase the competitiveness of Russian agricultural products in the international market. The authors set a goal to identify promising sources for more effective management through the introduction of digital decision-making systems. To achieve this goal, a review of specific factors affecting the quality of management in the agro-industrial sector of the economy was carried out, the possibilities of minimizing production risks through the use of digital systems were analyzed. The empirical material of the research was the works in the field of economics, management theory, state and municipal management, business management, land law. Theoretical and methodological issues were resolved through the analysis of the regulatory framework for the digitalization of the economy, consideration of the prospects for the implementation of the departmental project "Digital Agriculture", analysis of the already implemented FSIS, digital platforms and specialized industry digital solutions used at the state, regional levels and at the level from -separate agricultural farms. The systematic approach and methods of analysis made it possible to determine and substantiate the prospects for improving the efficiency of management through digital technologies of planning, monitoring, control and decision-making in the agro-industrial complex, and to identify the sources of improving the quality of management in the era of digitalization.
Providing population with the required quantity and quality of food is a priority of Russian national agrarian policy as that of many countries. Milk and dairy products play a vital role in the food supply system for all sectors of the population. With the saturation of the domestic market and ensuring food security for all of the branches of Russian agro-industrial complex, the developing of export to foreign markets and strengthening Russian position in the system of international food trade becomes a priority. The growing of Russian export of agricultural products in recent years, within the framework of the federal project, requires diversification of goods and geographical structure. One of the demanded and promising areas of goods diversification is the development of export of milk and dairy products. Despite the unresolved problem of full self-sufficiency of milk and dairy products, Russia has enough production potential in the dairy farming industry to expand the export of milk and dairy products within the framework of the implementation of the priority federal project "Export of agricultural products", as evidenced by the positive dynamics in the volume of production and export of this industry products. In addition, Russia has unique opportunities for the production of organic dairy products, the demand for which is growing in the world. Saudi Arabian market is the largest consumer of food in general and dairy products in particular in the Persian Gulf. The increasing growth and income of Saudi Arabian population leads to increase in demand for high-quality dairy products that could be satisfied by Russian producers. The removal of administrative barriers and obtaining permission to export milk and dairy products to Saudi Arabia give opportunities for export development. The unique geopolitical, social and cultural influence of Saudi Arabia on Muslim countries makes this market strategically important for the further development of Russian food export to Asian markets.