The Russian mineral fertilizer market has been formed and is characterized by stable supply and demand. Currently it is represented by a number of large manufacturers. This allows us to classify it, according to the type of competitive situation, as a market of monopolistic competition tending to oligopoly. After an increase in indicators during 2018-2021 there was a decrease in the production volumes of mineral fertilizers in Russia in 2022-2023 compared to previous periods. This situation was largely a consequence of the impact of the imposed sanctions and emerging difficulties in the logistics and transportation of fertilizers. There is an increase in export volume in physical terms, as well as a change in the geography of supplies. Currently, Russia produces about 59 million tons of fertilizers in physical weight. There has been a steady trend of growth in purchases of mineral fertilizers on the domestic market and their application to crops by agricultural producers in Russia. However, due to the low solvency of Russian farmers and higher prices for fertilizers on the global market, about 2/3 of the mineral fertilizers produced in the country are exported. Despite the sanctions imposed by unfriendly countries against Russia, Russia occupies a significant place in the global fertilizer market. Russia acts as one of the largest suppliers of fertilizers and plays a significant role in ensuring global food security. The country accounts for about 12% of global fertilizer production. Russian exports are dominated by nitrogen and mixed fertilizers. The main Russian exports of mineral fertilizers are to Brazil, India, China, the USA and Turkey. A comprehensive analysis of the current state of production and consumption of fertilizers in Russia made it possible to identify the main development trends and features of the functioning of the mineral fertilizer market, and to outline the main directions for stimulating domestic demand for mineral fertilizers. It is noted that the Russian fertilizer industry has significant potential for growth.
The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the machine and tractor fleet of vegetable crop producers in Russia. The article provides data on the production of vegetables and the provision of agricultural machinery and equipment to their producers. The factors hindering the development of the machine and tractor fleet and measures of state support for the mechanization of vegetable crops production are also considered. As a result of the analysis and expert assessment of the current state of the machine and tractor fleet of vegetable crop producers in Russia, the main measures necessary to increase the mechanization of their production have been identified.
France is a country with a developed agriculture and industrial sector that produces machinery, components and equipment for it. The sites of the largest players in the agricultural machinery market are concentrated here. France is the third European country after Germany and Italy in terms of production volumes and one of the leading markets for these products. It has a leading position not only in the production of equipment, but also in export-import operations. At the same time, not only equipment manufacturers, but also farmers are faced with problems caused by a significant increase in prices for materials and energy. In addition, in the agricultural sector there is a concentration of farms, aging workers, and a shortage of workers. A time-tested mechanism such as cooperatives for the sharing of equipment helps farmers reduce the costs of modernizing agricultural production. The French experience of providing farmers with equipment appears to be interesting for Russian agricultural producers facing a shortage of financial resources, instability of supplies, and market transformation.
The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the vegetable market in Russia and the prospects for its development. The article presents data on vegetable production and economic characteristics of this production in Russia for the period 2018-2022. Factors hindering the development of the vegetable market and measures of state support are also considered. As a result of the analysis and expert assessment of the current state of the vegetable market in Russia, the main trends of its development have been identified.
One of the important branches of the region is agriculture. The sustainable functioning of agriculture is largely ensured by its development strategy, which is based on a systematic approach and provides for a comprehensive solution of tasks, as well as an increase in output and improvement of product quality. The agriculture of Kabardino-Balkaria is also distinguished by developed vegetable growing. The article presents an analysis of the economic development potential of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, as well as describes the existing agricultural systems and considers foreign experience of investing in agriculture on the example of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic.
The implementation of the goals and objectives of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food determine the need to develop new mechanisms for the rational functioning of agro-industrial formations in new, difficult economic conditions. The purpose of the work is to build a model of the relationship between strategies, interaction tools and the difficulties of partnership between participants in the oil and fat subcomplex cluster of the region. The relevance of the study is justified by the increase in 2023 in the Saratov region of oilseed processing capacity by 500 thousand tons, the production of vegetable oils by 200 thousand tons and the need to solve the problem of providing raw materials (oilseeds). To achieve this goal, the possibilities of constructing a block model of the architecture of the relationship between strategies for creating a cluster of the oil and fat subcomplex in the region were used. The main business processes and business functions in the cluster are studied using elements and approaches of graphic notations of the IDEF0 standard and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) notation, the «AS IS» model, and the achievement of the strategic goals of the cluster is the construction of a «TO-BE» model «how should be» – models of the target state. To select and justify competitive strategies, a model of five basic competition strategies was used, presented by A. Thompson according to the modified system of M. Porter: leadership strategy through cost savings; differentiation strategy, or product leadership; strategy of specialization (focusing). Various options for the practical implementation of this model in the strategy of enterprise participation in the cluster are considered. The studied models show that close interaction of economic agents included in the cluster can give far from unambiguous results. Consequently, during the formation of a cluster, its strategy and relationships, it is necessary to solve a strategic problem – determining the composition of the cluster and the requirements for its individual agents.
The issues of forming a new paradigm for the development of agricultural plant breeding in developed countries of the world are considered taking into account the main factors and forces that influenced the creation of mixed breeding systems in these countries with a significant share of the private sector, the separation of the roles of the public and private sectors of breeding and at the same time their complementarity, as well as the processes of investment in plant breeding by type of ownership (state funds, private business funds)
The relevance of the research topic is due to the current geopolitical and dynamically changing economic conditions, the transformation of food markets and world trade, which determine the need to find ways to grow the Russian economy, including in traditional areas of the agro-industrial complex. In the practice of many foreign countries, the use of the cluster approach is considered as one of the most effective ways of developing territories. Our country is no exception and is implementing cluster policy in the regions of the Russia. The article presents the results of an analysis of clusters in the regions of the Siberian Federal District (SFD). The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for the development of agro-industrial complex clusters in the regions of Siberia, taking into account world experience and the peculiarities of their functioning in the Russian Federation. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the integration of the best practices of cluster policy of foreign countries into the Russian agro-industrial complex will increase its competitiveness and ensure the realization of export potential. Based on an analysis of the development of the agro-industrial complex, including the oil and fat industry of the regions of the Siberian Federal District, the conditions for the production of fat and oil products that satisfy external and internal demand and the state agenda for cluster development of the district, the creation of an export-oriented cluster of the oil and fat subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of Siberia has been proposed. The creation of a cluster is necessary to improve the efficiency of agricultural export management in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The functionality of the cluster structure is based on the creation of a center for investment and innovation, with a predominance of foreign investors for the implementation of export-oriented projects and the organization of joint ventures for the production of fat and oil products of various technological stages.
The article deals with the issues of the specifics of the formation of the sales system of organic products. The range of legal regulations governing relations in the field of organic agriculture has been defined. The distribution of organic producers by districts and regions is shown. The state of organic farms that have been certified for compliance with the status of "organic" has been analyzed. The main groups of problems in the supply chains are identified. The distribution of organic producers according to the main types of activity is presented. The most important components of the organic products marketing system are highlighted, including the ways of its implementation, taking into account the specifics of organic farms. The most significant components of the marketing system of organic products are considered.
The concept of equalizing the quality of life of the population of different regions of the country as the basis for reducing the outflow of able-bodied population from rural settlements by using the agrarian district coefficient is considered. A change in the remuneration mechanism by adapting the district coefficient to the regions where agricultural production is located is taken as the basis. The basis of the methodological approach was the current system of zoning earnings by using a district coefficient that takes into account the differences in natural and climatic conditions in different regions of the Russian Federation, the peculiarities of the organization of labor and quality of life in them. For this purpose, the analysis of the application of the district coefficient in agriculture in relation to the ratings of regions on the ratio of available resources of households per family member with the subsistence minimum is carried out.