By comparing set of demographic and socio-economic indicators, it is shown that Ireland is more "rural" country being compared to most EU countries. The Irish Government has set an ambitious goal for the period 2021-2025 to motivate the urban population to migrate to rural areas through the development of infrastructure that allows for a sufficiently high quality of life and employment diversification. In socio-economic terms, this task focuses on the support and development of rural communities, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Digitalization based on broadband Internet is the most important technical tool for rural development. The article analyzes in detail the rural development plan for Ireland (Our Rural Future, 2021-2025).Among the main objectives of this plan, the main streams of support for the development of SMEs, as well as support for the use of broadband Internet resources, are shown.
The article analyzes the experience of Finland in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the basis of providing state guarantees for loans from financial organizations. The organizational and economic mechanism of providing state guarantees is considered. The system of guaranteeing loans to small and medium-sized businesses in Finland is based on the current legislation on the functioning of special state guarantee, financial and insurance funds and companies. The provision of state guarantees to SMEs is carried out through a special state financial company "Finnvera" (Finnvera), which is the official export credit agency of Finland (ECA). The company's share capital is fully owned by the state. The company's activities are built on self-sufficiency. The state subsidizes Finnvera, including for operations related to the compensation of losses on guaranteed loans. The company's management is based on strict control by the state and public organizations over the distribution of financial resources and decision-making on financing SMEs, which contributes to the fulfillment of the company's statutory tasks. The company closely cooperates with creditor banks on the basis of concluding agreements. The company has a wide range of warranty products designed for the creation and development of small and medium-sized businesses. The creation of the state guarantee company has contributed to the development of small businesses in Finland, which today provides production of 50% of GDP. SMEs employ 50% of all employees in the country, and up to 60% of new jobs are created annually with their help. The article considers the organizational and legal aspects of the development of the national guarantee system for supporting small and medium-sized businesses in Russia.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the most important component of the economy of foreign countries and make a significant contribution to GDP. The EU countries have accumulated a rich experience in the development of SMEs in the agricultural sector. The article considers the issues of state support for small enterprises and the peculiarities of the entrepreneurial environment in rural areas of Europe, examines the opportunities for the development of SMEs in rural areas. Methods and programs of support of small business in the EU are analyzed. Recommendations on the use of foreign experience in domestic practice are given. Support measures for affected SMEs in the context of the coronavirus pandemic are considered. This publication is a continuation of the author's previous publication on the application of new approaches to small business development in rural areas of the EU.
he article discusses topical issues of assessing the risks of the impact of climate change on the economic availability of the most expensive food products in the modern diet for the poorest segments of the population, which is currently one of the most alarming problems in the world scientific community. The model of the impact of climatic changes on the productivity of agricultural crops, which form the basis of the forage ration, presented in the article, makes it possible to predict the productivity of these crops. Of particular interest are the simulation calculations performed by the authors using the Monte Carlo method, based on probabilistic distributions of random factors, which make it possible to draw conclusions about the level of possible risks of economic affordability of meat and meat products for the poorest population of Russia in terms of income.
The paper considers the problem of food security with the use of graph models and its use to solve the problems of sustainable development. The method of applying graph models for ensuring food security and sustainable development is demonstrated. Several options are considered, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, has its own scope of application in the study of the problem of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex. The development of Dagestan is characterized by an extraordinary variety of natural and climatic conditions, significant differences in the economic development and specialization of individual regions, and an ethnic diversity of the population that is not found anywhere else in Russia. As is known from the theory of sustainable development, diversity is a necessary condition for the sustainability of the agro ecosystem, but in order to ensure sustainable development, it is necessary to be able to intelligently use this diversity, using the synergistic influence of individual factors. Therefore, for Dagestan, the task of reasonable management of the existing diversity is urgent, and to solve it, it is necessary to find the right combination of various factors and components that ensure sustainable development. It is obvious that the more complex and diverse the object of research, the more useful system analysis and model approach can be. The novelty of the study is that two target functions are set at once: food security and sustainable development.
This study is devoted to the functioning of the mineral fertilizers market in Russia. The analysis of the dynamics of production by the main types of mineral fertilizers is carried out. The trend of pricing in the context of intersectoral exchange is investigated. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness and intensity of the use of mineral fertilizers in Russia and abroad is given. In particular, it was revealed that Russia is 3 times behind Canada, 5 times behind the United States and India, 7 times behind Belarus, 10 times behind China in terms of the level of contributions. While in Russia the level of application was 45.9 kg / ha, Ukraine for 2014-2018 increased the application of mineral fertilizers from 44.9 to 64 kg / ha. The necessity of state support of agricultural producers in the field of increasing soil fertility is justified.
ThearticleanalyzesthepricesituationontheRussianmarketofoilproducts. The erroneousness of statements is noted that prices in this market are formed on the basis of supply and demand, and a high level of competition is ensured in the market space. The level of prices cannot be considered fair, and their permanent growth negatively affects the competitiveness of the domestic economy. To change the situation, it is proposed to introduce strict state regulation of pricing. It is envisaged to change the function of the tax on the extraction of minerals, to introduce an indicative oil price based on the cost base of the worst oil production conditions. A calculation scheme for determining the price of gasoline is given, illustrating the proposed approach.
Modern requirements of an innovative economy to the processing sector of agricultural raw materials should be guided by waste-free resource-saving processing technologies, greening production and conservation of nature, this is the philosophy of deep processing technology. Only by laying these principles of work in the basis of economic activity, it is possible to ensure the full use of all available components of agricultural raw materials with a minimum receipt of secondary resources and production wastes and to ensure the sustainable development of industry. Deep processing of corn and wheat grain in Russia is the most promising direction, for this a developed raw material base has been created and modern factories for processing these types of raw materials have been built with the production of a significant range of products. The development and introduction into the industry of technologies for deep processing based on diversification of production with obtaining a wide range of products is a key priority for the development of the starch industry in Russia. The need to ensure the development of deep processing of grain is due to a number of factors - this is due to the satisfaction of domestic demand for these products, a decrease in import dependence on grain processing products with high added value, opportunities for entering international markets within the framework of the federal project “Export of agricultural products ". The last decade for the starch industry was marked by an increase in production capacity, modernization of existing enterprises, concentration of production, which expanded the diversification of the industrial economy and ensured good dynamics in the production of main types of products, and increased its competitiveness. A comprehensive solution to the problems facing the industry and bringing it to a new technological structure is possible only with the development of a target development program that will link the use of all types of resources on the basis of modern achievements of scientific and technological progress and new forms of organization of production.
The article describes the main changes on the pork market of the CIS over the past decade, characteristic features of pork production in the territory CIS, the dynamics of the number and structure of the pig population in the CIS countries is described, dynamics and structure of pork production, concentration and regionalization of production in the CIS countries as well as the main problems facing market participants.
The article is devoted to state support for the mechanization of fertilizer application for agricultural crops at the federal and regional levels. The state and prospects of providing agricultural producers with agricultural machines for fertilization are considered. The analysis of state support for the mechanization of fertilizer application for agricultural crops (lending, grants to support novice farmers and "Agrostartap", leasing of agricultural machinery, support for agricultural machinery manufacturers, etc.) at the federal and regional levels is carried out and the directions of its improvement are determined.