The article considers the problems and prospects for the development of the agricultural crop insurance system in Russia. For a long time, the protection of the property interests of agricultural producers was based on a combination of commercial insurance with state support and a mechanism for direct compensation for damage from the federal budget. However, this model has demonstrated low efficiency, accompanied by significant contradictions: the high cost of insurance policies, the lack of affordable and balanced insurance products, as well as significant dependence on direct budget support have led to a decrease in interest in insurance and the formation of a dependent mood among industry participants. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of a new emergency crop insurance program in 2021. This instrument has become an important step in the transformation of the insurance protection system: it has expanded insurance coverage, increased the financial availability of protection for agricultural producers and helped reduce the burden on the federal budget. The analysis demonstrated a successful start of the program, its attractiveness for industry participants and the potential to replace the practice of direct compensation for damage from the budget. The results of the study confirm that the new insurance program is a key element in the formation of a sustainable risk management system in crop production and increasing the resilience of agricultural production in the context of climate change.
The article lists the directions of formation of Institutions of innovation and investment development of the agroindustrial complex. The approaches to determining the principles of formation of Institutions of innovation and investment development based on the main provisions of the Concept of Technological development for the period up to 2030, as well as conceptual provisions for the formation of a Strategy for innovative development of agriculture are considered. Five blocks of principles of functioning of innovative formations are listed and considered: organizational, functional, economic, social and development of external relations. The most important feature of the implementation of these principles in practice is their inseparability and interconnectedness with each other. In modern conditions, it is important to observe all these principles as much as possible and find specific solutions and parameters that would not conflict with them.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the logistics infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route of the agro-food system and the prospects for its development in Russia. It provides data on the level of development of all the main elements of the transport infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route and the agro-food system. The prospects for the development of this infrastructure are considered in the light of the latest regulatory documents: Decrees of V. Putin, the President of Russia, and Resolutions of the Government of Russia. The analysis of the existing system of transportation of fish and products obtained as a result of its processing from the Far East to the central and north-western regions of Russia is carried out. The prospects of using the Northern Sea Route for the transportation of fish products from the Far East to the central and northwestern regions of Russia are considered. As a result of the analysis of the state of the logistics infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route of the agro-food system and the prospects for its development in Russia, the main measures necessary to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the infrastructure of the agro-food market have been identified.
The article focuses on the scientific foundations of the functioning of the infrastructure of the agroindustrial ecosystem in Russia. A logical and graphical model of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex ecosystem is presented, where the forms and essence of the interactions of social, economic and ecological space and their individual elements are determined. The author's approach to the definition and interpretation of the category "agro-food ecosystem" is formed in the work. The directions of the influence of the sphere of resource provision of agriculture on the functioning of the agro-food ecosystem are revealed on the basis of the developed logical and graphical model. Logical and graphical models of the impact of agriculture, agro-industrial complex processing and logistics infrastructure on the functioning of the agro-food ecosystem are presented.
The article shows the economic importance of using various modern technologies for storing fruit and vegetable products in order to minimize their losses, improve the efficiency of using available agricultural resources, increase the profitability of agribusiness and provide the population with high-quality root crops, fruits, vegetables and fruits. The analysis of production and consumption indicators, as well as the level of self-sufficiency in vegetables and fruits, is carried out. The analysis allowed us to substantiate the conclusion about the need to increase modern storage capacities for products. In the course of the study, the main methods, techniques and technologies for storing fruit and vegetable products were studied and systematized. An overview of the most progressive and innovative methods and techniques for ensuring long shelf life of such products is given.
The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the introduction of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex of the Russia. Modern digital solutions used in agriculture are analyzed, including precision farming technologies, the use of the Internet of Things (IoT), drones, GPS/GIS systems, as well as agromarketplaces and intelligent production management platforms. Special attention is paid to the regulatory and legal regulation of the digitalization of the agricultural sector, including government programs to support and stimulate innovation. Based on statistical data, expert assessments and practical examples, the effectiveness of implemented solutions is assessed using economic (ROI), production (KPI) and strategic (SWOT) methods. It reveals not only the economic benefits, but also the environmental, technological and social effects of digitalization. Comparative data for recent years demonstrating the dynamics of digital transformation are presented.
Consumer cooperative organizations have their own logistics infrastructure in the agricultural market segment, ensuring the promotion of goods along the food chain, the degree of development of which affects the efficiency of cooperative organizations. However, at present, it is difficult for consumer cooperatives of Centrosoyuz to compete with chain stores in rural areas. However, for many residents of small and remote settlements, stores and mobile shops of the consumer cooperation of Centrosoyuz are often the only sources of everyday goods. The article assesses the state of the logistics infrastructure in the agricultural market segment of the consumer cooperation system of Centrosoyuz, and offers proposals for its improvement.
The article provides an analytical review of the development of the fisheries complex of Russia. It is shown how the chosen path to solving the problems of the industry through the development of modern legislation (since 2004 – the adoption of the law on fishing) contributed to its recovery from the crisis and gave a new impetus to further development. However, to date, many issues have not yet been resolved, including logistics issues for the delivery of fish products from the Far Eastern fish basin, where about 80% of the total fish volume is caught. It is necessary to develop mechanisms for subsidizing the transportation of fish of a certain nomenclature, to establish a preferential tariff for the delivery of fish for the social sphere. The problem of fishing grounds and the rules for assigning them to fishing companies, charging fees from their users - the issue of re-assigning fishing grounds today is one of the main ones for the legislative authority in the field of industrial fishing. Poaching still remains at a fairly high level, accordingly, the issues of combating it must be constantly improved. An important stage in reforming the fishing industry is the decision to introduce investment quotas. However, there are many unresolved problems in this issue, and the implementation of the investment quota mechanism has only been partially resolved.
The study is devoted to the study of farming conditions, which differ in soil fertility, their location in relation to the markets for the sale of land products and the amount of advanced production capital invested in the land. The traditional classification of agriculture into the best, average and worst production conditions has been adopted as a methodological tool in the study. It has been empirically established that land plots of different fertility bring different economic benefits, measured by the absolute and relative value of land rent, profit per unit area of the plot, and profitability of production and sale of crop production. The greatest benefit is provided to the farmer by average and better production conditions. It has been confirmed that the price of land products is based on marginal costs in the worst production conditions, in contrast to industry, where the price of final products is determined by the average production costs in the industry. This fact allows us to assert that in order to create equal economic conditions in agriculture, it is necessary at least to bring the profitability of production in the worst conditions to the average value in the crop industry. Otherwise, the introduction of valuable arable land resources in the worst production conditions is doomed to failure and the tendency for the rural population to leave their ancestral places will continue. Without creating favorable economic conditions in agriculture, one should not count on the revival of the village.
The article examines the current state of development of the cooperative movement in Russia. The structure of agricultural production in the Southern Federal District is characterized by a high share of private households and farms, which, together with the high relevance of the problem of rural development, creates objective prerequisites for activating the development of cooperation in rural areas. However, the potential for the creation and development of agricultural consumer cooperatives is limited due to trends in the growth of the level of naturalness of personal subsidiary plots, a decrease in the number of peasant (farmer) households, and the concentration of land and other production resources in agricultural organizations and agroholdings. Another identified factor of negative influence is a decrease in the number of cooperative members with high financial stability, capable of expanded production of agricultural products based on their own material and technical base, land and production resources. The dynamics and current level of cooperative forms of agricultural production in the Southern Federal District are analyzed. The main trends and barriers to the development of agricultural cooperation are identified. Conclusions are formulated about the insufficient development of cooperation and significant differentiation of the cooperative movement in the subjects of the south of the Russian Federation. The main reasons for the current situation and areas for improving cooperative policy in rural areas are considered.