The problem of providing the dairy sub-complex with production resources has become particularly relevant in the context of sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries of the collective West. The article examines the dynamics of the main indicators of the provision of dairy cattle breeding in Russia with machinery and equipment. The specifics of investments in fixed assets in various areas of the dairy subcomplex are investigated. It has been revealed that in recent years, the main source of renewal and modernization of the production potential of dairy cattle breeding is the own funds of agricultural business entities, and the share of attracted capital has been significantly decreasing. This led to a drop in the pace of construction and commissioning of specialized buildings and facilities for dairy farming. In the course of the research, it was determined that over the past few years, the efficiency of Russian breeding farms has significantly increased, but they still cannot fully provide milk and dairy producers with young animals to repair the herd and expand production. In addition, sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries has led to a sharp drop in imports of foreign-bred products.
The article is devoted to the study and assessment of sectoral changes in the agro-industrial complex in the process of implementing the current State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Markets, Raw Materials and Food. The purpose of the study is to identify the most important trends in the development of two main classes of activity - 01 (Crop and livestock production, hunting and provision of related services in these areas) and 10 (Food production) taking into account the phased implementation of the State Program activities. Scientific interest is concentrated on assessing the mass of structural shifts occurring in the context of the medium-term time period. The main initial methodological provisions of the study are based on the methods of basic and chain indices, economic and mathematical methods, graphical, comparative and structural, which were used to assess the growth rates of production volumes and its structure, the mass of structural shifts in the main commodity groups of agricultural products.
The article is devoted to the study of the staffing of agricultural science in the Russian Federation, the publication activity of Russian authors in scientific publications in the fields of agricultural sciences, the cost of research and development in agriculture in dynamics over the period 2010-2023. It is established that the analysis of indicators of the development of research in the field of agricultural science in the Russia is relevant due to the growing importance of this field of scientific knowledge for ensuring food security and sustainable development of the country. It was determined that the smallest proportion of researchers in 2023 was observed in agricultural sciences), which is a negative point (compared to 2010, there was a decrease in researchers in agricultural sciences in both absolute and relative terms). The total number of publications in agricultural science in 2023 increased by 14,5 times compared to 2010; at the same time, in 2023, the largest number of publications were devoted to animal husbandry and dairy farming. The number of graduate students is decreasing in dynamics in the analyzed areas of study, while the decrease in indicators is very significant. In 2023, compared with 2018, domestic research and development costs in the Russian Federation increased by 60,4%, including 3,6 times for agriculture, forestry and fishing.
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of global risks affecting agriculture in Russia and its regions in the current conditions of geopolitical, economic and climatic instability. Based on systematisation of data on key threats to the agro-industrial complex the regional peculiarities of risks manifestation and differentiation of their impact on different agricultural zones of the country are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between climate change, geopolitical factors and technological transformations that form a new reality for the Russian agro-industrial complex. The authors propose risk management mechanisms and adaptation strategies for agriculture, taking into account regional specifics, aimed at ensuring sustainable development of the agricultural sector and food security of Russia.
The general trend of budget allocation for financing priority areas in the economy indicates a jumpy trend in financing agricultural production. In conditions of limited funds, it is necessary to distribute resources across the subjects of Russia depending on the efficiency of their use, the specialization of the region, and the level of its socio-economic development. At the federal level, there is no approved methodology that would allow for the necessary monitoring. The purpose of this study is to test the previously presented methodology using materials from one of the subjects of Russia. A general analysis of the efficiency of agricultural production in the region indicates an insignificant dependence of agricultural organizations on state support, as evidenced not only by the level of profitability, but also by the data of correlation and regression analysis. The value of the integral indicator of the level of state support indicates a lack of balance in terms of providing state support and the efficiency of its use in the Belgorod Region. The use of various approaches to assessing the efficiency of using state support funds provides an opportunity for a more comprehensive assessment and the possibility of developing options for measures to form an optimal distribution of state funds.
The purpose of this article was to demonstrate the advantages of road or rail grain transportation tariffs on existing grain delivery routes from grain-supplier regions to grain-recipient regions and to seaports for export. The article used comparative analysis and the MS Excel sorting function to solve the problem. One of the results of the work is the determination of the sustainability of the Russian food system. This definition has been tested on current data on such indicators of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex as: the size of the annual agricultural GDP, the index of agricultural production as a percentage of the previous year, the volume of annual food exports from Russia, the average annual exchange rate of the domestic currency in relation to the US currency. The article lists the factors that determine the sustainability of the food system. These are indicators of agricultural production, weather and climate parameters in the regions of Russia, as well as indicators that affect the demand for agricultural products and food. Such indicators are: domestic prices of agricultural raw materials producers, domestic consumer prices for food, export prices for agricultural goods. In addition, the stability of the Russian food system is also affected by tariffs for the transportation of food products by road and rail. On average, for all transportation routes considered in the article, automobile tariffs for the transportation of 1 ton of grain from the grain supplier region to the recipient region or to the seaports of the Russian Federation for export were 42 percent higher than similar railway tariffs. The article presents, in sorted order, the ratios of road and rail tariffs for the transportation of 1 ton of grain, which can be used to select the least expensive types of transportation from supplier regions to recipient regions. For grain supplier regions using both types of transportation, recommendations are given for determining the optimal share of grain transportation by road and rail transport based on the criterion of minimizing the function of the total cost of transporting the entire volume of grain required for export from the supplier region. The total volume of grain exports from supplier regions is determined from the regional balance of grain resources.
The article examines the state and development trends of human capital in the Russian economy. The main focus is on the methodology for assessing human capital and its role in the country’s economic development. The authors analyze the evolution of methodological approaches to assessing human capital, from the Physical Quality of Life Index of the 1970s to modern indicators, including the World Bank’s Human Capital Index. The paper presents a typology of countries based on levels of human potential development, including progressive, moderate, and critical groups. Russia is classified as part of the progressive group of countries with consistently high index values.
Relevance. Labor potential is a key factor in the sustainability and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex. Migration processes, including labor, forced and seasonal migration, have a complex and often contradictory impact on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of this potential, which requires in-depth analysis to develop an effective HR policy. Statement of the problem. There is significant uncertainty in understanding the degree and direction of the influence of various types of migration on the key parameters of the labor potential of the agro-industrial complex, such as the number of employees, age structure, skill level, labor productivity, wage level and labor shortage. The lack of quantitative estimates of this impact complicates the development of targeted regulatory measures. Objective. To conduct a quantitative assessment of the impact of various types of migration, namely labor and forced, on the parameters of the labor potential of regional agro-industrial complexes of the Russian Federation. Methods. The study is based on the analysis of panel data on the regions of the Russian Federation for the period from 2010 to 2023. To assess the impact of migration, an econometric model with fixed effects (to account for regional specifics) and instrumental variables (to solve the endogeneity problem) was used. Results. A statistically significant positive impact of migration growth on the employment dynamics and overall labor potential of the agro-industrial complex was revealed, especially pronounced in regions with negative demographic trends. Labor migration has a significant positive impact on filling vacancies and reducing the severity of the personnel shortage, but at the same time has a negative impact on the level of wages of low-skilled workers. The impact of labor migration on the long-term dynamics of the qualification structure of workers in the agro-industrial complex is ambiguous. Forced migration demonstrates a short-term negative impact on the stability of the personnel structure of the agro-industrial complex. Key findings. The results emphasize the ambiguous and multifaceted nature of the impact of migration on the labor potential of the agro-industrial complex. To improve the efficiency of using labor resources, a differentiated migration and personnel policy is needed that takes into account the type of migration flows, the specifics of regions (demographic trends, structure of the agro-industrial complex) and target parameters of labor potential.
Current areas of domestic tourism development include offering tourists a variety of its types and forms and organizing non-standard types of recreation and entertainment. Agrotourism is becoming one of such alternatives to traditional (mass) types of tourism. The article is devoted to the problems of increasing the attractiveness of agrotourism for young people, who can act in the considered system as both a consumer and a producer of tourist services. Revealing the research topic in a logical sequence, the author first of all pays attention to the issues of identification of agrotourism, the classification feature of which is immersion in the work of agricultural enterprises, and its differentiation from rural tourism, the defining feature of which is a polygon – rural territories. The components emphasizing the multidimensional nature and complexity of these concepts are highlighted. The paper also presents the results of a survey of representatives of modern youth, mainly from the student community, demonstrating the degree of knowledge and understanding of the essence of agrotourism, preferences for certain types of tourist activity. A list of factors hindering and stimulating the involvement of young people in agrotourism has been identified. From the point of view of young people, priority directions for the development and improvement of the agrotourism system are proposed, related to information support, marketing support, and providing comfortable conditions for tourist activity in agriculture.
The article presents an analysis of the current state of the labor market in the Russian agricultural industry. The dynamics of the number of employees, the age structure of employees and regional characteristics of the distribution of labor resources were studied. Key problems of staffing the agricultural sector have been identified, including a shortage of qualified personnel and the migration of the working-age population from rural areas. The impact of climatic factors and digitalization on labor productivity was analyzed. Promising directions for the development of the agricultural labor market have been proposed, including the improvement of the agricultural education system and state employment support.