The current conditions, which are characterized by geopolitical tensions, the application of international economic sanctions, and the recovery of the world economy after the pandemic, pose new challenges to the development of China's economy and, in particular, its agricultural sector. The article examines the current state of the agricultural sector in China, the development of institutional and regulatory support for the activities of the agricultural sector both within the country and on the international market. A detailed assessment of China's agricultural support is being carried out, as well as an analysis of the dynamics and structure of exports of agri-food products, including those with high added value, over the past ten years. Special attention is paid to measures to support exporters of agricultural products from China, including preferential taxation, financial and credit instruments, insurance, as well as the development of electronic commerce and trade and exhibition activities. In addition, strategic directions for the development of the agricultural sector of the country are outlined: improvement of management; effective macroeconomic regulation; development of the system of scientific research and innovation; development of the food industry; support for agricultural producers, expansion of the network of trading partners; improvement of the territorial distribution of foreign trade and investment activities; optimization of the commodity structure of foreign trade; improvement of existing and search for new ways of doing trade; compliance with international standards for the export of agri-food products.
The article actualizes the need for state regulation of prices for agricultural products, which should guarantee the effective functioning of agricultural producers and the economic well-being of rural areas in the strategic perspective. Certain aspects of the interzonal differentiation of key indicators that form the basis of the economic efficiency of the grain economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan are revealed. The article argues the need for state «intervention» in the pricing of agricultural products, primarily state regulation of prices for food grains. An assessment of the quantitative impact on the part of economic entities of uncontrollable factors of «location» on the profitability of agricultural production has been carried out. It is summarized that the accumulated background of the vast majority of countries in the world directly testifies to the effectiveness of using methods of state regulation of pricing as a strategic condition for achieving sustainable functioning of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan and other federal entities of our country.
The effectiveness of the implementation of priority directions in the agrarian sphere depends to a greater extent on the level of state regulation and support. At the same time, the first place is given to the timely reflection of modern trends in this or that sector of the economy, which affect economic and social processes in the country, in normative-legal acts. The assessment of the current regulatory and legal documents, on the basis of which the implementation of mechanisms and tools used in the state to regulate the activities of agricultural organizations, the development of rural areas and ensure the implementation of national objectives, is necessary to justify possible adjustments and changes in the content of state programs, the development of new legal acts. The analysis of a number of basic regulatory documents in the agricultural sector indicates the existing contradictions, while it is necessary to have an interrelation of goals, objectives, resource provision and indicators for assessing the effectiveness. The result of the study is the conclusion that it is necessary not only to revise the content of the Doctrine of Food Security of Russia, the Strategy for the development of agro-industrial and fishery complexes of Russia, State Programs regulating the implementation of measures to develop strategic directions in agricultural production, but also to develop a new Federal Law «On the development of agriculture». At the same time, the development of new and adjustment of existing regulations should be carried out taking into account the variability of the formation of strategic objectives and indicators determining their achievement and taking into account changes in the socio-economic situation of the country and the geopolitical situation in the world.
The main points of the food security concept in each of the countries that comprise the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and in the EAEU as a whole entity were considered in this paper. The food security level in the EAEU countries was assessed according to various criteria, including the ranking of countries in the world by means of The Global Food Security Index. The consumption of basic food products in the EAEU was analyzed. The position of each of the EAEU countries was assessed by calculating the mutual trade intensity index in agricultural products and food among the EAEU. It is concluded that despite the sufficient level of food security in the EAEU countries, it is necessary to make further efforts to strengthen it, since constantly changing geopolitical and economic conditions pose new challenges to the agro-industrial complex. However, the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU countries has high potential to ensure a sufficient level of food security both in the regional and global markets.
The article presents the most characteristic principles and methods for agriculture that can be applied in the course of methodological approaches to their assessment in the development of agricultural development programs, the principles and methods used in the organization of agricultural production and their classification were given. The applied principles can be classified by areas, highlighting: labor relations, management of the mechanism of production, the results of the activities of management structures. The methods are divided into: innovative, effective management, socio – psychological, which in turn can be subdivided: by the nature of the impact on objects, using mathematical calculations.
The article is devoted to current problems of efficient use of Russia's land potential as the most important lever for increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture. The study showed that Russia's land fund is used with a fairly high monetary return. But the price of this efficiency is the exploitation of the natural potential of the land without proper reproduction of the fertility of farmland. In the context of ongoing global climate change and the increasing impact of risk factors for agricultural production, the prudent use of the country’s land potential is of particular importance. It is required to implement a set of programs to preserve the land fund from quantitative reduction, reproduce soil fertility, and combat erosion and other degradation processes. Systematic implementation of adaptive measures, effective use of the country’s land potential is a condition for increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture.
The article notes that within the same technological structure at its different stages of development (emergence, dominance, extinction), it is possible to trace the strengthening of the role and influence of the staffing factor on production efficiency. The implementation of technological development goals will require a large number of highly qualified specialists. The authors highlighted key issues in the methodology of scientific and educational support for economic entities of the agro-industrial complex, and also identified priority directions for the development of agricultural science and scientific support for economic entities of the agro-industrial complex. The activities that will be implemented within the framework of the Concept of Technological Development for the period until 2030 are listed in order to fill emerging deficits and focus the personnel training system on technological priorities. The main provisions of the “Priority 2030” program, which is also being implemented as part of improving the higher education system, are considered. A model of interaction between science, education and business is presented. The advantages of additional professional education in the agro-industrial complex, their role are considered, and promising directions for interaction between institutions of additional education and scientific organizations are proposed.
Agriculture, participating in solving food security issues and fulfilling important strategic tasks, should be provided with a material and technical base and have the ability to reproduce and modernize it. The agricultural machinery market is in dire need of import substitution. Due to economic sanctions and the termination of trade relations, major global manufacturers of agricultural machinery with established supply chains, dealer networks, logistics centers and production sites that produce equipment under the brand «Made in Russia» have left the Russian market. Agricultural production, which is strategic for the country, should not experience a shortage in technology, since the agricultural sector of the economy is the foundation for ensuring the food security of the state. Nevertheless, its shortage caused an increase in prices, regardless of the country of origin. The assessment of the development of the agricultural machinery market showed a reduction in purchases by organizations of the agricultural sector of the economy. There has been an increase in the depreciation of the agricultural machinery fleet in use, since significantly fewer units of equipment are bought than are written off due to physical wear and tear. This causes an increase in the acreage per unit of tractor, combine harvester, seeder. The price unavailability of equipment leads to its lack in agar production. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed to take into account a number of factors affecting the supply and demand of agricultural machinery, such as the withdrawal of major foreign suppliers from the market, the disparity in prices for agricultural products and machinery, and the extensive nature of national mechanical engineering. To implement the process of import substitution in the agricultural machinery industry, its staging is proposed, which contains a set of measures aimed at supporting domestic innovative production and stimulating demand from agricultural producers.
The significant transformation of the agricultural machinery market that has occurred over the past two years due to the sanctions imposed by the collective West has had a strong impact on the maintenance of machinery. Many manufacturers of imported equipment broke off relations with dealers and distributors in the Russian market, which led to a sharp shortage of spare parts and consumables. Predicted by Western countries, the collapse of the Russian economy as a whole, and the agri-food sector in particular, did not happen. Parallel import mechanisms have worked successfully, which has allowed meeting the demand for various types of spare parts and equipment at the expense of suppliers from South America, Turkey and China. However, the problem with maintenance turned out to be deeper and required adaptation not only from specialized organizations, but also from producers of agricultural products, raw materials and food. In this article, based on the experience of LLC "Luch" and AC "Poltavskoe" of the Rostov region, we have considered the specific features of the agricultural machinery service system that have undergone changes due to sanctions pressure. On the basis of interviewing a regional representative of the dealer network, as well as the management and specialists of LLC "Luch" and AC "Poltavskoe" the authors show the main directions for solving issues in the field of repair and maintenance of equipment, and also suggest the most priority directions for the development of the situation on the agricultural machinery market.
Political and economic pressure on Belarus and Russia from Western countries have led to the need to consider the state and level of interaction agricultural sectors of the EAEU member countries. Another reason of research is the slowdown in the pace of integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union recently due to changing political conditions and changing national priorities of countries in foreign policy. Agriculture, due to natural and historical factors, is the most significant sector in production and trade terms for integration states. The article examines the agricultural spheres of the EAEU member countries: their current state and the level of trade interaction in agriculture in the context of integration processes. The provisions in national regulatory legal acts concerning the integration of the EAEU are considered. The analysis of government support, investment attractiveness and the role of agriculture in the economy of each country was carried out. The ratio of sub-sectors of the agricultural sector of the states is shown. Mutual trade in agricultural products and food, changes in export-import operations relative to 2015 indicators are analyzed. The complementarity of the EAEU member countries, self-sufficiency, and dependence on imports of a few agricultural products are considered. Recommendations are offered for the development of a coordinated agro-industrial policy of the EAEU in key areas.