The work reveals the main features of the formation and functioning of specialized high-tech zones in Russian agriculture. The main prerequisites for the formation and functioning of these zones are presented. A description is made of the main features of the formation of specialized zones, as well as groups of factors influencing the level of manufacturability of production in specialized high-tech zones for the production of certain types of agricultural products. The main approaches to the management structure in the formation and operation of specialized high-tech zones in Russian agriculture have been determined, in addition, a range of directions for the development of these zones for the near future has been formed within the framework of the possible inclusion of this project in the State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.
Competently established at all levels of the system of management accounting reporting guarantees the efficiency of modern enterprise. Improvement of methods of management control and their adaptation to the actual use is aimed at the development of a dynamic information system for making management decisions to achieve the tactical goals of the organization. For this purpose, it is necessary to have good information, and be able to correctly apply it for their own purposes. An effective management system includes operational and efficient use of enterprise resources. In this process, management accounting is a mechanism through which it is possible to comprehensively consider the problems of planning, accounting for internal and external activities and operational control.
The article covers the evolution of fishing from the end of the 19 th century, when fishing activity in Kamchatka was just beginning to develop, and until the 90 s of the 20 th century, when significant changes took place in the industry. Analyzing available sources and historical data, the authors examined the main stages in the development of industrial fishing in Kamchatka and its most important factors. The article addresses issues related to the emergence and development of fishing bases, infrastructure and shipbuilding, as well as changes in technologies and fishing methods.
It is shown that the fruit and vegetable subcomplex has been developing at a good pace in recent years, but has not yet achieved the indicators provided for in the Food Security Doctrine. The above concerns both the volume of production and the economic accessibility of fruit and berry and vegetable products for the population. It is concluded that the solution of these tasks requires the improvement of public administration of the considered subcomplex and the economy as a whole. The latter is due to the fact that the features of relations between its enterprises, between them and monopolists from the first sphere of the agro-industrial complex, the banking sector, as well as the state have a significant impact on the activities of the subcomplex. The facts that indicate that these relations are built on an unfair basis are presented. It is noted that due to the perishable nature of the products produced and a number of other reasons, agricultural producers are in the most vulnerable situation, and therefore they should be given the main attention in research. Based on best practices, a system of measures to improve the efficiency of the fruit and vegetable subcomplex is proposed.
The article provides an assessment of the resources and use of fruits and vegetables for five years (2017-2021). It is shown that the level of self-sufficiency for them has not reached the thresholds outlined in the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that one of the reasons preventing the country from ensuring food independence is the insufficient development of the food and processing industries. The main indicators of its condition for 2017-2021 are presented. Accumulated problems have been identified, including technical and technological backwardness of the material base, high wear and tear of equipment, low level of workload, and lack of modern storage facilities for fruits and vegetables. It is noted that their full and timely solution requires more active participation of government agencies, primarily an increase in budget support.
Ensuring food security is the most important function of agriculture in Russia. Dairy cattle breeding is a system-forming sub-sector, since almost all elements of the agro-industrial production system are involved in milk production. Increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding directly affects the ability of the food and processing industry to saturate the Russian market with high-quality food products. The article discusses the prospects for full import substitution in the market of milk and dairy products by improving state support for producers of agricultural products, raw materials and food. By reducing the tax burden, it is proposed to increase the competitiveness of Russian producers and gradually reduce the consumption of products with milk fat and protein substitutes by the population. The abolition of VAT and the introduction of restrictions on the profits of wholesale and retail trade organizations will stimulate the sub-sector to achieve the indicators of the food security doctrine.
The article assesses the relevance and possibilities for sustainable development of the fruit and vegetable canning subcomplex in Russia. A retrospective analysis of the concepts of sustainable development and the product subcomplex in the agro-industrial complex, activities to create organizational structures and the legal framework for sustainable development was carried out. A system of principles and approaches is proposed as a tool for assessing and ensuring sustainable development of the fruit and vegetable canning subcomplex.
At the present stage of economic development, one of the main tasks of state policy is to ensure food independence and security of the country. In these conditions, regulation of the processes of functioning of product subcomplexes, the creation of a balance in the production and consumption of their products becomes relevant. The level of provision of the country with products of the fruit and vegetable canning subcomplex does not meet the requirements of the "Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation" approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 20 of January 21, 2020. The consumption of fruit and vegetable products by the population also lags behind the norms established by the Ministry of Health of Russia. This discrepancy is especially evident if we consider this indicator for the regions of Russia. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to establish the sustainable development of the fruit and vegetable canning subcomplex. This involves concentrating efforts on ensuring the growth of production, increasing investments in the logistics of the enterprises of the subcomplex, in the construction of new modern fruit and vegetable storages, attracting additional labor resources, stimulating them to an effective labor process. The systematic introduction of methods of cooperation and integration into the work of the fruit and vegetable canning subcomplex is caused by the fact that the products of households occupy the largest share in production, and the share of holdings is significant in processing. The article analyzes the development of the fruit and vegetable canning subcomplex of the country. Regional differences in the level of consumption of vegetable and berry products by the population are considered. The changes in the balance of production and use of food resources of vegetable and berry crops for the period from 2017 to 2021 are investigated. The trends of structural changes in the balance sheet over the years have been revealed. The main factors of sustainable development of the fruit and vegetable canning subcomplex of Russia are evaluated.
The article examines the key points of the grain deal that was in effect during the year, concluded separately by Russia and Ukraine with Turkey and the UN, its advantages and disadvantages in terms of the development of the domestic grain industry, as well as the main aspects of competitiveness, which were affected by the extension and then the completion of this transaction. The author estimates the economic losses that were incurred by grain farms this year and a number of other key negative trends that accompanied the grain transaction, as a result of which stratification of all factors of competitiveness of Russian grain that were influenced by the geopolitical situation was carried out. The article also examines the price factor of grain competitiveness –that is, the change in wheat prices during the entire period of the grain transaction and after its completion, and based on this conclusions are drawn about the consequences of its both extension and non-extension in the future. The author has established the relationship between various indicators of competitiveness, the parameters of which have changed over the entire period of time since the beginning of the grain transaction, and has proposed a system for assessing the competitiveness of grain products, a distinctive feature of which in the current conditions will be a high degree of dependence on geopolitical conditions and sanctions restrictions.
The article analyzes the current state of the mineral fertilizers market in Russia in order to develop methods and mechanisms for its development. The trends and features of the functioning of the domestic market of mineral fertilizers are revealed, the characteristics and dynamics of the formation of prices for them are given. The balance of the domestic market of mineral fertilizers in Russia is calculated by product, as well as by major fertilizer producers for 2023. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in production in the total volume of fertilizers by producers is given. The main objectives of the development of the mineral fertilizers market are the creation of the necessary infrastructure, improvement of state support mechanisms and the application of financial and tax incentives. In order to maintain the dynamics of mineral fertilizer production in Russia, it is necessary to expand the logistics infrastructure in various regions to facilitate access to mineral fertilizers for as many agricultural organizations and farms as possible. In addition, it is necessary to increase the financial literacy of farmers in order to understand the economic efficiency of using fertilizers and improve the use of agricultural technologies by farmers of various intensity levels.