The reformation of the country’s economy led to the formation of market prices and an increase in energy prices. By 2016, the share of agricultural organizations’ expenses exceeded 15‰. In this regard, the issues of saving fuel and energy resources have risen to a qualitatively new level of relevance. The efficiency of production activity of agricultural producers depends on their decision, regardless of the management form. It should be noted that it is not just a matter ofphysical limitation offuel and energy resources, but also about the search of optimal ways of efficient use of energy resources. This requires new approaches to energy regulation and consumption and the transition from energy- and material-intensive technologies to resource-saving, low-cost ones. Modern agricultural production required the search and implementation of new methodological approaches that allow to conduct a comprehensive study of the energy consumption, to develop special indicators that characterize the bioenergy base and the bioenergy potential of agriculture. This method is a systemic energy analysis. The high relevance of the problem of saving fuel and energy resources and insufficient development of scientific and methodological basis for its solution in the conditions of a specific region have made it necessary to conduct research in this direction. The purpose of the study was to develop methodological and practical recommendations for the organizational and economic bases of energy saving in agriculture and the preparation of design solutions in relation to the conditions of the region under study. The methodology and methods of research are based on the use offundamental economic laws and categories, and on the use of theoretical and methodological provisions in the field of economics and organization of agricultural production, regional production and economic systems, resource and energy saving systems developed by classical economists and modern Rus- sian and foreign scientists. In the framework of system analysis, various methods of economic research were used: monographic, abstract-logical, computational-constructive, correlation-regression analysis, deterministic factor analysis, economic and mathematical modeling etc. The article considers the issues of improving the structure ofproduction as a factor in the growth of energy saving in agriculture.
The agriculture state support system stays in constant improvement. From 2017, significant changes are associated with the transition to subsidies granting promoting the targets achievement of the agro-industrial complex development regional programs and preferential lending. However, mechanisms for subsidizing commodity producers continue to be ineffective, the granting subsidies rules have some drawbacks in practical application, and the mechanisms for distributing subsidies from the federal budget to the Russian Federation constituent entities budgets need to be adjusted. The budgetary appropriations amount allocated from the federal budget for agriculture support is insufficient to stimulate investment activity and increase the agricultural production efficiency. The main risks of the dynamic agriculture development are associated with the federal budget consumption reduction for 2017-2020 for the implementation of the State Program for the Agriculture Development and Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Foodstuffs Regulation for 2013-2020 (as amended on December 13, 2017) the editorial board of the program in 2014 for 369.8 billion rubles or 28.2‰. The necessary volume of dairy cattle breeding state support for 2018-2020 was calculated taking into account the milk production volumes achievement envisaged by the state program and ensuring the reproduction conditions in the industry. It is established that the required subsidies amount for the dairy cattle breeding support in 2018 should be 109.1 billion rubles, including 70.9 billion rubles from the federal budget, which is in 2.5 times higher than the amount of budget appropriations allocated from the federal budget for the dairy cattle breeding support in 2017.
In this article addresses the problem of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of decisions in the management of innovative processes in agricultural sector, using expert systems to support managerial decision-making. The mechanism of making management decisions in the agricultural sector, on the basis of which the necessity of the use of information systems to support Forecaster and the adoption on the basis of their informed decisions on management of agricultural enterprises, which is an important competitive advantage of any modern organization. Conclusions are made about the attractiveness of the use of expert systems to support managerial decision-making, which enable to predict the situation and choose the best plan of action in the management of innovative development in agriculture.
The article considers the main issues of the possible development of management systems at the level of the agro-industrial complex and the sphere of agricultural production in the Orel region in the space of the digital economy. The main attention is paid to the internal factors of the penetration of innovative technologies into regional and local sections of the national economy at the level of municipalities. The introduction of digital technologies is intended to stabilize the interconnections in the agribusiness system, optimize costs in agricultural production, and as a result, positively affect the development of agribusiness' as a whole. Stable support of these processes by institutions of municipal authority is necessary.
The study is devoted to federal and regional indirect measures of state support of technical and technological modernization of livestock feed base in Russia. These measures include compensation of transportation costs of agricultural products; unrelated support; subsiding part of the costs for the construction, reconstruction and technical reequipment of irrigation and drainage systems and separately standing hydraulic structures and land clearing measures; compensation of part of costs for energy, mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, original and elite seeds, feeds of industrial origin. The paper presents data on Federal support contained in the official documents - the State Program for Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Commodities Markets in 2013-2020, the National Report of the “Progress and Results of the Implementation in 2017 of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Commodities Markets in 2013-2020”, Federal target programs, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation; data of the Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation, I n-formational-legal portal, “Krestyanskie Vedomosty” company, the Russian Association of fertilizer producers and the Federal state statistics service, as well as the materials of the all-Russian Agronomic Meeting held in 2018 and the all-Russian Meeting of Agroengineering Services held in 2017 and 2018.
The article considers problems of development of the pig industry of the Russian Federation in various forms of farms in the context of federal districts. The structure of the produced meat distribution by the categories of farms allowed to note the leading position of large agricultural organizations. The data of expert-analytical center “Agrobusiness” and official statistics was used as a source of information material. This paper presents the main conclusions of the structural analysis of pig production.
The article gives an overview of the domestic market of production and sale of bee-keeping products, it discloses the possibilities of effective bee pollination of entomophilous cultures of Russia and their influence on the growth of crop yields. The results of scientific research on diseases and parasites of bees are presented, causes of mass bee death and the spread of dangerous diseases that affect the quality of honey are revealed. An assessment of the management system of the industry by state bodies is given and the necessity of adopting the law “On beekeeping” is substantiated.
The availability of water is a determining factor in the sustainable development of agriculture. Global climate change has a direct and indirect impact on water supply and water use in the agricultural sector, which in turn affects agricultural production and, ultimately, global food security. Climate change affects the state of agricultural land, crop yields and animal productivity, and this influence is mostly negative, although the impact varies for different regions and countries. In order to effectively withstand the effects of adverse climatic factors, adaptation measures must be taken in a timely fashion, the main link of which should be the strategies for sustainable development of water and agriculture.
The economy of the agro-industrial complex of the country in our time should be based on the introduction of an intensive method of expanding the agricultural production, which has established itself as an effective, increasing the key indicators of the industry in economic activities in rural areas. This is an important process in the development of agricultural production, in which the capacity of agricultural production is increased through the use of advanced methods, constantly growing and modernizing [6]. Intensification, as the main form of expanded reproduction, depends on the level of intensification of agriculture and is carried out by improving the system of agricultural production in the region. On its basis there is an increase in output per unit area, increase of productivity and reducing costs per unit of production. The intensive method creates conditions for continuous growth of crop yields, which leads to more efficient use of resources. The concentration of capital in one unit of land gives an increase in crop production volumes per hectare of agricultural land.
The article discusses the features characterizing the workplace in agriculture, resulting from the specifics of the industry. In agriculture the need for machinery (tractors, agricultural machines and plants) and for labor force should be calculated simultaneously, taking into account the available jobs. In addition, it is necessary to carry out certification of workplaces, including the assessment of their technical, technological, and organizational-economic levels, working conditions and safety precautions, as well as to develop measures for the rationalization of workplaces.