The relevance of the study is determined by the need to ensure food security of the Russian Federation under unprecedented sanctions restrictions introduced since 2022. Sanctions pressure has affected critically important links of the agro-industrial complex: supplies of seed material, agricultural machinery, plant protection products, veterinary drugs. The research problem lies in the absence of comprehensive quantitative assessment of the impact of import substitution processes on the country's food security under structural transformations of the agricultural sector. The aim of the work is to develop an economic-mathematical model of the relationship between import substitution indicators and food security to substantiate directions for adapting agricultural production to sanctions restrictions. Research methods include systematic analysis of statistical data from Rosstat and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia for 2022-2024, development of integral indices of import substitution, technological independence and food security, construction of a multifactor regression model. Research results demonstrate an increase in the integral index of import substitution by 22.3% over the period 2022-2024 with a simultaneous increase in the seed material import substitution coefficient from 58.3% to 72.4%, agricultural machinery localization from 74.2% to 83.0%, plant protection products substitution from 42.7% to 58.6%. The constructed econometric model (R² = 0.823, F-statistic = 38.72) confirms a statistically significant positive dependence of food security on three factors: integral index of import substitution, adaptability coefficient of production capacities and technological independence index. Key conclusions indicate the formation of a sustainable trajectory for replacing critical imports with domestic analogues, achieving threshold values of self-sufficiency for main types of food established by the Food Security Doctrine. Practical significance of the work lies in substantiating a system of coordinated state support measures for import substitution in the agro-industrial complex.
In modern conditions of geopolitical and economic tension, ensuring the country's food security is of particular importance. Defining the development strategy of large agro-industrial holdings can create a certain imperative to achieve Russia's food sovereignty. Traditionally, the Russian agro-industrial sector plays an important role in the reproduction process, providing a multiplier effect. Investments in agricultural production companies not only form the necessary basis for their development, but also create a foundation for related industries of the domestic economy. In the article, the authors conducted an analysis of the country's largest agricultural holdings, their financial stability and investment attractiveness. The authors also compiled an investment portfolio of securities from selected companies in order to assess its profitability and attractiveness to interested groups of investors. The conclusion is made about the rather high investment attractiveness of the Russian agricultural sector, some of whose companies are undervalued on the Moscow Stock Exchange. The problems of the development of the agro-industrial sector have been identified, including a significant number of small private farms with a modest capital volume, which does not allow them to significantly increase production volumes. The necessary measures of state support are justified in order to compensate for the costs of enterprises and stimulate their development.
A strategic focus on developing an effective innovative mechanism to support innovative development contributes to the preservation and improvement of the agricultural sector both within the region and nationwide. Innovation development will help address issues of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, launching new types of commercial products, and introducing new production processes and management systems at agricultural enterprises, facilitating the effective and competitive entry of agricultural products into markets. This article focuses on assessing the information support for innovative development in the agricultural sector. The need to create a regional innovation infrastructure information system in the form of agricultural advisory centers (AACs) for the effective implementation of innovation activities and the introduction of innovations within the region is substantiated. The main objective of the system is to generate the necessary information for the organization to effectively manage its resources and create a technical environment for managing its activities. Currently, the development of innovative activities at agricultural enterprises is significantly hindered by the lack of necessary information interaction among all participants, the lack of connections between developers and consumers of innovations, information opacity, and low motivation for the development, financing, and commercialization of innovations. This comprehensive approach, coupled with the development of a network of consulting centers, improved information support, and financial incentives, will significantly accelerate scientific and technological progress and increase the efficiency of agricultural production.
This paper addresses the challenge of achieving technological sovereignty in the agro-industrial complex. Agricultural science and high-tech industrial production play a crucial role in this process. Despite the fact that a sufficient number of state support measures have been established for various subsectors of the agro-industrial complex, science, and education, individual links and stages of the innovation cycle continue to operate in a fragmented manner, leading to "technological gaps" in the production cycle, which are often filled by imported solutions. One of the reasons for this situation related to the production of high-tech products is the fragmented nature of governance at the state level. It is noted that, in accordance with Russian Government Order No. 1777 dated June 30, 2022, some research organizations were transferred from the Russian Ministry of Education and Science to the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, an agency responsible for industrial agricultural production in the country and less familiar with the organization of scientific activity. Naturally, the Russian Ministry of Agriculture's capabilities in working with innovative product developers are limited. The author believes that, given the current geopolitical conditions, it is necessary to create new "assembly centers" involving the Department of Agricultural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences and industrial enterprises of the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade, building on existing government support measures. The article demonstrates the high dependence of domestic agricultural producers on Western companies for seed and breeding products, active ingredients in plant protection products, and equipment and components for their production. A framework for a complete innovation cycle for the development and introduction of knowledge-intensive, high-tech products to the agricultural market is proposed. An analysis of agricultural science funding, its performance, and the state of scientific potential is provided. A set of organizational measures and economic mechanisms for the scientific and technological development of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the current geopolitical context is developed and proposed for implementation.
Technological innovations, which are increasingly being used in a wide variety of domestic economy sectors, are artificial intelligence. The study of the problems and prospects associated with its inclusion in the management of domestic agro-industrial complex sectors is all the more relevant, since, according to the unanimous opinion of experts, ensuring their sustainable development is possible only on the basis of the most advanced achievements of domestic and world science. The purpose of the study was to assess the prospects and identify the directions of development of the system of artificial intelligence in the Russian agro-industrial complex. In accordance with the goal, the method of expert survey was applied, during the preparation of which a sample set was formed from among the representatives of the expert community and the corresponding research tool – a questionnaire was developed. The results of the expert survey allow us to conclude that the potential of agricultural production in terms of the permeability of the innovation under study is quite low, possibly due to the traditional conservatism and certain patriarchal nature of the agricultural sectors. However, experts have identified technical, veterinary, and breeding work as areas where elements of artificial intelligence can be not only in demand but also have a significant impact. According to experts, the agricultural sector offers significant opportunities for the development of artificial intelligence, particularly in areas such as logistics (warehousing, cargo transportation, and order processing), processing industries, and human resources management, both in agricultural production and related sectors. The main obstacles to the full-scale deployment of artificial intelligence in the agricultural sector, according to experts, include inadequate infrastructure and an imperfect legal framework.
The article focuses on the specifics of the functioning and development of commodity exchanges and marketplaces of agricultural products in Russia. The priority functions of commodity exchanges in the agro-industrial complex and its infrastructural support are considered.. A comparative parametric assessment of the functioning of Russian and foreign commodity exchanges has been carried out. Priority directions for the development of Russian commodity exchanges in the agro-industrial complex and its infrastructural support have been identified. The main problems, barriers and promising directions for the functioning and development of agromarketplaces in Russia have been identified. An assessment of the work of federal state information systems regulating the production, processing and transportation of agricultural products, which have an impact on stock trading and agromarketplaces, is given.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the transport infrastructure of inland waterways that are part of the Northern Sea Route infrastructure and the prospects for its development in Russia. It provides data on the level of development of all the main elements of the transport infrastructure for the movement of goods along inland waterways. The article also examines the prospects for the development of this infrastructure in light of the latest legal acts and government resolutions in Russia. As a result of the analysis of the current state of the transport infrastructure of inland waterways that are part of the Northern Sea Route infrastructure and the prospects for its development in Russia, the article identifies the main measures necessary to improve the efficiency of its functioning.
The article presents the results of an analysis of the functioning of the wholesale and retail trade in mineral fertilizers against the background of changing geopolitical and domestic conditions. The dynamics and structure of demand and supply of mineral fertilizers in the domestic market are assessed. It is noted that Russia is the world's largest producer and exporter of agrochemicals. The positive dynamics of the acquisition and application of tuks by domestic farmers is emphasized. Meanwhile, the conclusion is justified that their availability is decreasing due to the high volatility of fertilizer prices. The main requirements for certification, labeling, packaging, storage and transportation of fertilizers are considered. The main distribution channels of agrochemicals are characterized, indicating the key participants in the wholesale and retail trade markets, their advantages and disadvantages are identified, and a comparative characteristic is given by basic parameters. Based on the results of the analysis, the key strategic challenges facing the domestic wholesale and retail fertilizer industry have been formulated, which require the development of effective solutions to mitigate the impact of risks.
The article assesses the current state of agricultural machinery renewal in Russia. It identifies a decline in production and deliveries in 2024, a high level of equipment wear, and insufficient fleet renewal. The main constraints are rising credit and leasing costs. The paper proposes measures to expand state support and improve the efficiency of machinery renewal to ensure the technological sustainability of the agricultural sector.
This article assesses the impact of agricultural organizations' technical equipment on the dynamics of agricultural production efficiency over a long observation period. Annual series of output, tractor and grain harvesting equipment availability, and equipment load indicators are used, supplemented by characteristics of the crop area structure and indicators of the agrochemical condition of the soil. Efficiency is determined by the logarithmic growth rate of the production index; the key factor is included with a lag, allowing for the separation of the equipment effect from synchronous fluctuations in output. The econometric specification takes into account regime shifts and is performed with robust estimation of standard errors. The results show a consistent positive relationship between technical equipment and output growth rates, which increases during periods of increased uncertainty and constraints. Robustness checks on alternative indicators (equipment availability and loadings) confirm the invariance of the signs and comparability of the effects. The practical conclusion is that fleet modernization yields the greatest returns when the effect is reproducible through equipment reliability, service support, and the quality of management decisions. The obtained estimates can be used to justify equipment upgrade priorities and monitor the long-term technological sustainability of the industry.