The agro-industrial complex is at the same time one of the unique and basic elements of the national economy, which forms the gross domestic product and products manufactured on the territory of most of the subjects of our country. Its exclusivity is due to direct interaction with natural and climatic conditions and biological characteristics of the cultivation of animals and plants. Such interaction gives rise to the emergence of many different difficult to predict and difficult to manage factors that can lead to the formation and development of risks. In turn, risks can significantly reduce the functioning efficiency of both an individual subject of the system and, in general, destabilize the entire agro-industrial system through a joint multiplier effect. Moreover, at present, due attention from the scientific and practical community to the development of risk-based approaches to management in the agricultural sector has not been paid. In this regard, this article proposes an updated concept of the agro-industrial complex, focusing not only on the existing risks, but also on the need to include state and municipal authorities in the structure of the agro-industrial complex, which act as the regulator of this system, but also have a certain level of risk load. In addition, the author’s structure of the participants in the updated agro-industrial complex was justified, their ranking was carried out by risk level based on the proposed point estimate.
The work is devoted to the study of regulatory systems of organic agricultural production in foreign countries. The article classified the documents that ensure the functioning of organic agricultural production systems, systematized the main provisions of international food standards, differentiated by the level of tasks and functions of the bodies regulating organic agriculture. A comparative analysis of the level of formation of organic farming sectors in the countries of the world and the corresponding certification schemes is carried out. A special place is given to the characterization of such an alternative certification option as the Participatory Guarantee System, and an assessment is made of the prevalence level of this instrument in the world. The paper also highlighted the factors restraining the development of the global market for organic products, which allows us to develop mechanisms to overcome them and achieve harmonization and equivalence in organic agriculture. The indicators of the global market for organic agricultural raw materials and food products are analyzed: retail sales and per capita consumption. The presence of an imbalance between the distribution of organic agricultural land and the development of markets for organic raw materials and food was revealed. The key institutional features of state regulation of the organic farming system in foreign countries are identified.
The article deals with the experience of EU in development of unitized three level typology of territories consisted of three interconnected blocs .The whole construction of typology rest on a special methodological basement, so called “population grid”. The content of methodology is studied and described, detailed characteristics of methods used to identify territories of urban clusters and rural grid cells are laid down. Analyses of basic types of territory typologies in EU in the content of the functional and structural characteristics made (typology of clusters, degree of urbanization typology, urban-rural typology). Standards for classification of territories according to character o population (rural, urban) are studied (rural areas, cities(high-density territories), towns and suburbs (intermediate density territories). Statistic information on types of territories according to the criteria of population are given in the article (selectively).
The article presents a comparative analysis of newly formed and established farms in the United States on a number of indicators. It is revealed that the number of young people engaged in agriculture continues to decline, but the number of new farmers and ranchers over the age of 35, as well as the number of small farms and ranches across the country continue to grow. Thus, the task of the state is to ensure the inflow of specialists for agricultural activities. To this end, the United States implements a number of effective agricultural support programs that provide loans and loans that provide training or retraining. Under U.S. law, priority is given to partnerships that include non-governmental, community-based organizations and agricultural, educational organizations with expertise in training agricultural producers.
The article considers the experience of China in the modernization of agriculture; special attention is paid in particular to the sub-sector of potato production. It is shown that innovation is the main condition for modernization. The role of the state in the creation and development of high-tech industrial zones in the agricultural sector is emphasized. The main proposals for the development of the potato sub-sector of the country on the basis of technical and technological modernization are presented.
The important direction of ensuring the sustainable functioning of the agricultural sector is the availability of sufficient land reclamation fund. The article considers the current state of this fund including the qualitative state of irrigated and drained lands. The conclusion is that the negative trend of reducing the area of irrigated lands that has developed over the previous post-Soviet decades has been overcome. However, the area of drained land is still declining. The qualitative state of reclaimed land in recent years has changed slightly, but in the direction of deterioration.
Auctions for the right to sell leases on agricultural land in recent years are becoming increasingly important. They did not receive special popularity in their conduct in the territory of the Lipetsk region. Carrying out auctions, facts of deviation from the application of the legislation in individual auctions are allowed, the land price originally set in the lot is biased, auctions are suspended, while the areas are cultivated, they are harvested and income. The auctions held replenish the budgets of the region, according to the years of receipt of funds are not the same. From the held auctions for the sale of the right to lease agricultural land in 2018, money will only go to the budget of a constituent entity of Russia (Lipetsk region), and in 2019 the situation will change, and municipal structures will become more active in auctions. The proceeds of cash from the sale of the right to lease agricultural land in 2019 in the Lipetsk Region increase from 597.6 thousand rubles. up to 8042.0 thousand rubles or 13 times. As of 01.10.2019, the regional budget received 8.2‰ of the amount paid by the winners of the auction. The budget revenues from the sample of held auctions in the table below will comprise the municipal budget revenues for 2016, 2017 and 2019, respectively, of the indicated amount. Deficiencies were found in ongoing auctions in the Lipetsk region, mainly errors in setting the time between the date and time of publication of the notice and the date and time of the deadline for receiving applications.
The article discusses the issues of consumption and accumulation both in the economy as a whole and in agriculture in the Russian Federation and other EAEU member states. In order to ensure Russia's economic growth rates above the world average, an Action Plan was approved to accelerate the growth rate of investment in fixed assets and increase to 25‰ of their share in GDP by 2024. Currently, the share of gross fixed capital formation in the structure of GDP in Russia and Kazakhstan is only about 21‰, in Armenia this indicator is even lower, in Belarus and Kyrgyzstan, the share of accumulation in GDP was formed at the highest level in the EAEU, 26-30 ‰‰. The authors note that the volume of investment in fixed assets of agriculture in the EAEU member states is determined by the priority development goals of these countries, their monetary policy, macroeconomic indicators, the level of development of the agricultural sector, and the demand for food products. It is emphasized that in order to increase investment activity in the EAEU, it is necessary to form a single investment platform based on strategic planning that would facilitate the implementation of large investment projects, both in industry, agribusiness, and infrastructure for the growth of our economies, increase mutual investments, expand the domestic market and growth in supplies to foreign markets. A special role in building up mutual investments is given to the construction of new and modernization of existing agribusiness facilities located in the border territories. The article notes that increasing investment activity requires the need to evaluate its effectiveness through “proactive” tools. One such tool is Foresight Research. A mechanism of public-private partnership is proposed as one of the priority mechanisms of investment activity in agriculture.
The paper discusses the problems and prospects for the development of production and export of Russian cheese. As a part of a review of the global cheese market, promising solutions for market development in the EU are considered. Analysis of the Russian cheese market is complemented by a study of its main problems. Estimates of the domestic cheese market forecast are presented and proposals for its development are made..
The article examines the current state of development of meat cattle breeding, justifies the need and timeliness of scientific research to improve the efficiency of the sub-sector, identifies positive trends in increasing the number of meat cattle and production volumes. However, the unprofitability of the sub-sector is the main reason for restraining economic growth; the competitiveness and financial condition of economic entities. Systematization was carried out and the parameters of the main components of internal and external elements of the organizational and economic mechanism corresponding to the effective functioning of beef cattle breeding were supplemented. on this basis, a project for the development of a sub-sector in agricultural organizations for the period 2017-2025 was developed.