The work focuses on reproductive processes in the agricultural industry and assess their effectiveness. A cycle of the reproduction process in agriculture is presented with an assessment of the influence of sources of formation and economic processes on reproduction in agricultural organizations. The role of managing sources of financing of reproductive processes in agricultural organizations is assessed. An analytical model for evaluating the effectiveness of reproduction processes in agriculture is presented, as well as a classification of evaluation criteria and particular indicators of their economic efficiency. Mechanisms for managing the financial, economic and technical and economic state of reproduction processes in agricultural organizations are identified. In addition, a model of a system for assessing the effectiveness of reproductive processes in agriculture is presented.
The article attempts to analyze the current state of the turkey meat market, presents a forecast of its state until 2025, and also considers the main reasons limiting the consumption of turkey meat in the country. The leading place in the total consumption of meat products is poultry. In recent years, the role and importance of turkey meat in the total consumption of poultry meat has increased. Indeed, this type of product has high nutritional qualities and acts as one of the significant sources of high-quality protein. Volumes of turkey meat production have high dynamics, which is mainly due to a reduction in the total consumption of the share of imported products. However, in terms of per capita consumption of turkey meat, the Russian Federation is still behind the leading countries with developed market economies. In this regard, in order to determine the possibilities of more fully satisfying the needs of the country's population in this type of food, as well as increasing its export, there is an objective need to assess the current state and development trends of the turkey meat market in the Russian Federation.
The dynamics of the digital economy development leads to the need to implement integrated information and analytical systems. This allows integration with existing statistical data for making management decisions in the field of public management of cluster development in Russia. Static data were used in accordance with the methodology proposed by the European cluster Observatory. Using static data, the factors «localization coefficient», «size», «focus» were calculated and groups of regions of the Russian Federation were identified depending on the state of the cluster under study: stable, increasing and decreasing. The article presents a static database for 2009-2018 on the number of employees in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The developed method allows you to quickly track the concentration of employment in the regions and can be used to assess the effectiveness of cluster development management in the territory.
Potato belongs to the food crop, the production of which affects the level of food security. It is characterized by high productivity and nutritional value. By energy reserves, potatoes are in fifth place after wheat, corn, rice and barley. Potatoes are cultivated almost everywhere, but it is more rational to placement them in regions with light soils with optimal rainfall. This is primarily the Central part of Russia, which includes the Bryansk region and where in recent years not only planted areas have been reduced, but also the efficiency of potato production. A decrease in the production potential of potato growing can be achieved through the innovative development of the sub-sector.
Are analysed dynamics and tendencies of development of breeding work in branch of animal industries both at country level, and on an example of typical agrarian region - the Saratov area. The basic indicators of a modern condition of pig breeding, meat and dairy cattle breeding are considered. Key barriers on a way of development of breeding business, in which number are revealed: destruction of uniform system of selection-reproductive work, deficiency of highly skilled specialists in the given area, reduction of quantity of profile research establishments and the breeding enterprises etc. The organizational-economic model of a cattle-breeding cluster including conceptually certain elements of the scientific satellite (the Selection-hybrid centers within the scientifically-innovative infrastructure), algorithm of formation of a resource-raw base of a cluster (supplying and serving satellites) is offered. The model also assumes creation and joint use of slaughter-procurement points, achievement of high efficiency by means of the most effective combination of factors of manufacture, an easy approach to the information, the best coordination of activity (the Center of clustering development). Formation of the uniform Selection-hybrid centre in region will allow to restore and systematize breeding work in the agricultural enterprises-participants of a cluster. Realization of offers on the organization of breeding work in regions on the basis of cattle-breeding clusters will provide increase of a production efficiency of animal industries products.
The article, in the context of taking into account the goals and objectives of the current State program for the development of agriculture, as well as the innovations introduced into the mechanism for its implementation, examines the issues of assessing the effectiveness of agricultural enterprises of various organizational and legal forms in interconnection with the subsequent study of its factors speakers. On the example of agricultural enterprises of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, calculations were carried out to test the proposed methodological approaches.
The article considers the experience of Japan in the development of innovative processes in the agro-industrial complex to increase its efficiency. The distinctive features of the development of the agricultural sector in the country are considered. The active role of the state in innovative transformations in the agricultural sector and the growth of its functions directly related to the development of the knowledge economy are shown, the expediency of searching for new effective mechanisms for integrating agricultural production and science, as well as the need to form organizational structures that can link all the components of innovation policy in the agricultural sector of the economy is emphasized.
The article analyzes the role of the European Union in the world trade in agricultural products, the assessment of EU policies and programs to promote the export of these products is given. The analysis shows, that due to the saturation of the domestic market, the export of agricultural products from EU to foreign markets is of great importance for the further development of agricultural production. The EU is currently the world’s largest exporter of agricultural products due in prat to its successful experience in promoting its exports. The Key elements of the policy to promote agricultural exports to the EU are the adoption of annual programs that set strategic priorities promotion measures and high rates of financing these programs from TU budget. Using the EU experience in promoting agricultural products to world markets will improve the system of export support for these products in Russia.
The article deals with the problems of economics of water use in the economic complex and agriculture in France. The assessment of the water supply system is given, the organizational aspects of setting prices for water for farmers are analyzed. The promising directions of the formation of the water supply system in France are predicted.
The development of Russian export of grain and its processed products covers the solution of a wide range of priority tasks that are directly or indirectly related to increasing the export potential of the grain farming, taking into account the peculiarities of the formation of export grain resources and with their promotion on the world market. This suggests the technological re-equipment of the grain farming and the formation of specialized high-tech zones for the production of certain types of grain and the transfer of the sub-industry to an innovative- investment model of development, the creation of a modern export-oriented commodity distribution infrastructure, the elimination and mitigation of tariff and non-tariff barriers to ensure access for Russian grain and its processed products to the world grain market, the creation of a reliable system for the active promotion and positioning of grain and its processed products on foreign markets. Considering that in Russia under conditions of insufficiently developed export infrastructure and low quality of wheat as the basis of grain export, when increasing Russian grain exports, it is not the expansion of the geography of grain supplies that is of primary importance, but the reduction, minimization or prevention of the risk of loss of existing export markets, building confidence on the part of importing countries in the quality and safety of Russian grain. However, this will require not only the development of an appropriate legislative framework, but also the creation of a unified state information system for traceability of grain and products of its processing, which will ensure objective and operational state control over their safety and quality, with all the positive aspects that follow from this for the country, and increase it image in the world.