The article discusses the features characterizing the workplace in agriculture, resulting from the specifics of the industry. In agriculture the need for machinery (tractors, agricultural machines and plants) and for labor force should be calculated simultaneously, taking into account the available jobs. In addition, it is necessary to carry out certification of workplaces, including the assessment of their technical, technological, and organizational-economic levels, working conditions and safety precautions, as well as to develop measures for the rationalization of workplaces.
The article substantiates the importance of marketing and defines the conditions for the formation of the infrastructure of the agrifood market, its functional subsystems and factors are defined, the areas of improvement of the information subsystem are indicated.
The article assesses the efficiency of the current state program of agricultural development as a tool for technical and technological modernization pf agricultural production. Article reveals the shortcomings of the subprogram “Technical and technological modernization, innovative development”, their causes and consequences. The measures for adaptation of the subprogram to the current situation and trends in agriculture, agricultural engineering and in the domestic market of agricultural machinery are proposed.
The study is devoted to Federal and regional measures of State support for technical and technological modernization in animal husbandry in Russia without taking into account indirect measures of state support for technical and technological modernization of the livestock feed base. Such support measures as creation of favorable economic conditions for the operation of machine-technological stations, creation of machine-technological companies and agricultural parks, subsidizing part of the costs of construction and reconstruction of livestock facilities infrastructure, reimbursement ofpart of the costs of repairing agricultural machinery,subsidizing ofpart of the cost of retraining and further training of agricultural workers and support of scientific research are considered. The paper presents data on Federal support contained in the adopted official documents -the Federal law and the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation; data of the Ministry of agriculture of Russia, informational and legal internet-portal JC “Rosagro-lizing", association “Rosspezmash" and “Krestyanskie vedomosty" company, as well as materials of all-Russian meeting of agroengineering Services, held in 2018.
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that currently the agroindustrial complex of the member States of the Eurasian economic Union was faced with a systemic challenge that determines the need to update the scientific-information, technical, technological base of the agro-industrial complex on a qualitatively new innovative basis, which will solve the problems of food security, healthy nutrition of the population. The EAEU countries have accumulated significant scientific and technological potential in various fields of agrarian Sciences. However, inter-state cooperation and cooperation of subjects of innovative activity are not sufficiently developed today, which in turn negatively affects the research and implementation activity in the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU countries. Insufficient innovation activity against the background of weak interaction between subjects of innovation activity negatively affects the long-term competitiveness of agriculture of the EAEU countries. To solve these issues requires a set of institutional solutions aimed at stimulating innovation, providing technology transfer, implementation of cross-sectoral breakthrough technologies and projects. In this context, the authors justified the relevance of the development of the concept of agricultural technological platform of the member countries of the EAEU, as well as the most promising directions of scientific-technological development of agroindustrial complex of the countries of the EAEU, associated with the development ofpromising high-tech markets; presents some of the main tasks contributing to the formation of the EAEU competitive, export-oriented and innovative agribusiness based on advanced national and international technologies; reviewed relevant intersectoral (platform) technology; the main directions of development of scientific and technical cooperation within the Eurasian agricultural technological platform are presented.
This article considers the modern state of agriculture and its technical modernization, which makes it possible to increase efficiency of agricultural production. Measures for the rational organization of the logistics, its promising forms and ways to solve this problem are proposed.
The article is about importance of growth of maize development in CIS countries since maize is widely using for food, forage and technical use. Production of maize is commercially attractive for many years in the past and probably in future and maize price has low volatility. It is important to balance maize development in CIS countries to smooth out competition between countries and to take into account maize selling in the world corn market and especially in Russia and Ukraine. The objective of our research was to find ways of growth of maize development in 11 CIS countries which adopted Declaration of cooperation in Almaty in 1991. The main results of our research were the analysis of situation in maize development in CIS countries and prediction of its gross production till 2050
Rapeseed, in terms of production, ranked 2nd among the oil, with a share of 14‰ of the world level. Due to the steady growth of the world demand for oilseeds, it was interesting to study the state of the world rapeseed market and the prospects of production of both rapeseeds and products of their processing - rapeseed oil and meal. Rapeseed oil is used as a food product, as well as for technical purposes and as a raw material for the production of biofuel. Meal is positioned as a valuable source of feed protein. For Russia the production of rapeseed is of interest from the point of view of diversification of this segment is oil and fat products, as well as in the context of export prospects of oil and fat products with high added value.
The work focuses on the fundamentals of building an effective management system for the development of agro-industrial production in the space of the digital economy. The evaluation of the implementation of the program for the development of the digital economy in Russia and the perspective directions of its development is given. The interrelation of priority principles of building management of the development of the agroindustrial complex and the main directions of development of such a system in the digital economy is substantiated. In addition, the work defines management tools for the development of agro-industrial organizations at the level of municipalities, and outlines ways and means for implementing it in the information space of the digital economy.
Current global climate change influences all sectors of economy but agriculture exhibits the most complicated interrelations. On the one hand agroecosystems are highly sensible to more frequent weather anomalies and on the other hand agriculture itself is a contributor to climate change through the emissions of greenhouse gages, changes in land-use systems etc. The importance of various sources of greenhouse gases emissions associated with agricultural activity is revealed. Agriculture is not a major source of man made atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases in absolute terms however specific parameters of their emissions significantly outweigh corresponding average performance of the world economy. Today the problems dealt with climate change due to agricultural activity could be solved by reducing greenhouse gases emissions and adjusting agrarian sector to negative implications of climate change. The opportunities for lowering the emissions of greenhouse gases owing to the development of organic technologies in livestock production, rice growing, rational use of organic fertilizers and more are investigated. Special focus is on high adaptive capacities of organic agriculture against weather anomalies, droughts in particular. At the end of the paper it is pointed out that for Russia the most promising is the investigation of the adaptive capability of organic agriculture to global climate change.