In this article, the author attempts to analyze the methods, mechanisms and tools of typology of rural territories in Russia in a long historical retrospective. Typology is considered in the work, first of all, as a specific tool not only for scientific analysis, but also for administrative management of territorial development. As the author points out, the sociohistorical approach allows studying the methodology of typologization of rural territories to focus on the study of the settlement system, which should be considered as the material embodiment of certain stages of settlement, economic fuctionation and existence of the Russian village, as well as the structure of agricultural, commercial, environmental, cultural-anthropological and other activities of the population. Special attention is paid to the historiography of evaluation and statistical works as a unique experience of typological research (which should be the subject of a separate scientific research). The author focuses the readers ' attention on research studies of the Soviet period on the enlargement of rural settlements, including the concept of "agro-towns" (which are usually attributed to the period of 1960-1970, while they are much older). In conclusion, the article concludes that it is necessary to match various methods of typologization of rural territories not only to the economic-management and evaluation-statistical tools, but also to the historical, cultural, economic and environmental foundations of life of the rural population.
Not all lands in Russia are equally suitable for growing the main types of cultivated plants. Therefore, it is important to know the degree of suitability of land and on this basis to consider the economic development of territories, taking into account their favorability for agricultural production. Based on the scheme of land classification by groups, classes and categories of suitability, as well as measuring the scale of use of arable land for crops, a method is proposed for classifying the territories of the subjects of the Federation as unfavorable, favorable and occupying an intermediate position for agricultural production. The classification of the territories of the non-Chernozem zone of the Russian by favorability for agricultural production is carried out. The subjects of the Federation included in the Northern and North-Western economic regions, seven regions of the Central economic region, and one region from the Volga-Vyatka economic region are considered unfavorable. Only four administrative territories favorable for agricultural production were identified. Three of them are part of the Central and one in the Volga-Vyatka economic districts. The intermediate position was occupied by seven territories from the Central and Volga-Vyatka economic regions.
The article was prepared with the aim of assessing the current state of production and sheep meat market in Russia in conjunction with the world market, as well as prospects for the development of sheep husbandry. It analyzes the main exporters and importers, production volumes and prices for meat and live sheep in the world and in Russia. Based on the analysis of a line of data, a medium term forecast of sheep meat production by category of farms in Russia is made.
In the article, the author presents the evolution of the concept of "efficiency", the classification of the efficiency of economic activity, methods for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of production entities. For a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of the functioning of agricultural organizations, a system of indicators has been developed that reflect various aspects of their production and commercial activities and social responsibility. The paper presents methods for calculating strategic efficiency indicators based on the assessment of the dynamics and structure of indicators that characterize the use of individual factors and the results of production and commercial activities of agricultural organizations.
The article examines the economic aspects of the spread of African swine fever and its elimination, both in Russia and in the main regions of the world. The basic concepts of the origin, dangers, routes and mechanisms of the spread of African swine fever are briefly presented, as well as the results of the development of effective vaccines designed to prevent the spread of African swine fever.
The main purpose of the study is to consider the features of the functioning of the transport infrastructure of the grain complex of the Russian and identify its main problems. Based on the results of content analysis of data published in official statistical and analytical reports, the main indicators of the grain potential of the domestic agricultural complex, current production and forecast values of grain exports are given. The main types of vehicles used in the process of transporting grain crops are studied, and the main problems of their use are identified. Conclusions are made about the effectiveness of the transport infrastructure currently existing in the Russian Federation that provides the domestic grain complex.
One of the key directions for the development of dairy cattle breeding is the modernization of the industry based on updating the material and technical base of agricultural organizations and the introduction of modern methods of managing technological processes. The aim of the study was to study the characteristics and main factors of the formation of the technological base of dairy cattle breeding at the present stage of its development. In the course of research work, trends in the technological development of the industry were identified and the level of updating the material and technical base of dairy cattle breeding in the context of federal districts was established. The analysis showed that the proportion of dairy farms with less than 100 cows was 68.9‰, while mega-farms account for only 0,3‰ of enterprises. In this situation, we consider the most promising area of modernization to be the technological re-equipment of medium and small dairy farms using domestic equipment and technical means of mechanization. Based on the analysis of literature data and the results of our own research, the principles of operation of modern information systems and the features of the use of digital technologies in breeding dairy cattle and milk production are generalized. The main directions of development of information and analytical systems and the possibilities of using them in dairy farming are shown.
Banana products (fresh and dried bananas, plantains) form an important segment of the world food market, which is of great importance not only for developing countries (export revenues, food supply), but also for all developed countries (all-year provision of fresh tropical fruits to the population). For Russia, monitoring and analysis of the global banana products market is very important, since the country stands second among the largest importers and local popularity of fresh bananas is at a consistently high level. The Introduction explains the importance of the global banana market for various groups of countries, taking into account the nutritional value of bananas and plantains. The main body of the article consists of two parts. The first part covers the dynamics of the world banana products market by basic parameters of supply and demand, including the plantation areas, production volumes, international trade (export, re-export, import taking into account the situation in world prices), as well as the gross and per capita consumption of banana products. Actual and future problems of banana products world market development have been discussed in the second part of the article. Technical and economic factors (ensuring safety of banana products when transporting and storing and aspects of price formation for banana products) are looked at. However, the main focus is on assessing both modern and future impact of biotic factors associated with the global threat of the fusarium banana wilt (TR4) and ways to solve this problem. In Conclusion, the most common approaches to solving the TR4 problem are formulated, as well as recommendations for the future development of the banana market in Russia.
As global fisheries have experienced limited profitability in recent years due to the depletion of stocks of major commercial fish species, aquaculture production is becoming cheaper due to the development of innovative technologies. This creates conditions for significant growth in the fish farming sector. As part of the study, a comprehensive assessment of the development of fish farming on a global scale and on the territory of the Russian Federation was carried out. An insufficient level of development of domestic aquaculture and its inconsistency with natural capabilities are noted, the main constraints are identified. At the same time, the country has significant potential for the cultivation and breeding of aquatic organisms under aquaculture conditions. It is concluded that the further development and state support of fish farming is a promising direction for the development of the fishing industry in Russia, as well as the growth of production and consumption of fish and fish products.
The article presents the results of studying practical approaches to strategic planning of agricultural production and rural development abroad. The article analyzes the possibilities of adapting foreign experience in the implementation of strategic directions for the development of the Russian agricultural sector.