The relevance of the research is due to the profound transformation of the agricultural sector in the context of liberalization and globalization, which highlights the task of finding adequate models of investment development. The problem lies in the lack of a comprehensive systematization of basic investment models in the modern economic literature as conceptual constructs describing the mechanisms of financing agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the article is to identify, systematize and conceptually model the basic trajectories of investment development in the context of economic liberalization. The methodological basis was formed by the methods of conceptual modeling, abstraction and idealization, which made it possible to synthesize generalized models as a system of cause-and-effect relationships. As a result of the research, it is proved that the variety of investment strategies can be reduced to a limited range of basic models. The model of a fully liberalized market is analyzed in detail, and its fundamental duality is revealed: on the one hand, powerful incentives for efficiency through competition, on the other hand, inherent systemic deficiencies leading to monopolization, underinvestment in long–term and social projects, and structural imbalances. A key analytical tool and a derived relative indicator have been developed to assess the feasibility of opening the agricultural sector to the global market with a threshold criterion. The main conclusion is that the historical model of "pure" market investment is internally unstable and is being transformed into models with mixed regulation, and its restoration in modern conditions is untenable.
This article examines the key development areas of the country's agricultural sector and its competitiveness. It analyzes the regulatory framework governing the competitiveness of the industry both globally and in Russia. Agricultural competitiveness is influenced by various factors, including institutional, resource, production, demand-side, innovation, and others. Investments in the industry are key to improving production efficiency and competitiveness. However, investment in the domestic agrifood sector is currently stagnating. This article provides a comparative cross-country analysis of crop yields and livestock productivity. It assesses the volume and dynamics of labor productivity in agriculture in the main agrifood producing countries. An analysis of changes in agricultural labor productivity over the past nearly a quarter century in Russia has shown that productivity has increased exponentially. This was largely made possible by the implementation of agricultural policies aimed at the sustainable development of agriculture and increasing its competitiveness, which led to a significant increase in investment in the industry, especially during the implementation of the first State Program. At the same time, Russia still lags behind many other countries in this indicator. It is emphasized that, under current conditions, improving the competitiveness of agricultural production through innovative and investment-driven development will become the foundation for sustainable and dynamic growth.
The article examines the investment attractiveness of the regions of Russian as a key indicator of sustainable socio-economic development. In the context of a global economy, special attention is paid to the factors that affect the level of investment and its distribution across regions, including infra-structure development, the availability of scientific research, innovative enterprises, and a qualified workforce. The analysis used data on investment attractiveness ratings provided by the National Rating Agency. Quantitative and qualitative assessment methods were used, including statistical analysis and a comparative approach. The results show that regions with a high concentration of innovative enterprises and research centers demonstrate higher levels of investment attractiveness. The paper discusses the implications of these trends for the socioeconomic development of regions and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach that takes into account both economic and social factors in order to improve the investment climate. The conclusion highlights the need for effective strategies aimed at enhancing investment attractiveness and promoting sustainable economic growth.
The study focuses on the implementation of green logistics technologies and the need to use them in the process of organizing trade in agricultural products. The author's approach to defining the category of «green logistics» is presented. Key trends in the current development of the environmental market are examined, and the main drivers of its expansion are identified. Key areas for improving the environmental focus of logistics, including green warehousing and storage, environmentally friendly transportation, sustainable packaging and recycling, and environmental training, are analyzed. The feasibility of implementing green technologies is demonstrated, and the types of benefits from their application are identified. The main factors hindering the development of green logistics and the application of related innovations are identified. Projections of future development trajectories for this market segment are provided. Examples of the successful implementation of green technologies by foreign and domestic companies are provided.
Renewable energy plays a transformative role in value chains, particularly where small and medium-sized agricultural producers of agricultural commodities, raw materials, and food play a significant role, as in the Russian agricultural sector. Investments in sustainable energy, particularly solar energy, can revitalize rural economies, making agriculture more viable, creating jobs, and improving food security. Access to energy is critical at all stages of the value chain – from land preparation, harvesting, livestock production, processing, storage, and market access. Although initial investments in renewable energy technologies can be high, they can yield rapid returns as they are more cost-effective and environmentally friendly than fossil fuels. Developing sustainable renewable energy requires strengthening existing delivery networks, collaborating with the local private sector, promoting ownership, supporting maintenance, and developing sustainable energy value chains adapted to the socio-cultural context.
This article analyzes the current state and structure of the UK rapeseed market. Key infrastructure elements are examined, including the institutional support system for rapeseed producers, financing of rapeseed cultivation equipment, as well as the post-Brexit subsidy regime and its impact on rapeseed acreage. Particular attention is paid to the role of rapeseed as an oilseed crop for food and biofuel production, as well as the influence of market infrastructure on pricing and the country's export potential.
This study presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the distribution of crop acreage patterns in agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Bashkortostan and their impact on the achieved level of economic efficiency in arable land use. It was determined that, despite the relatively high actual profitability of sunflower cultivation, a significant decline in soil fertility is observed, manifested in the irreversible loss of nutrients (potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus) and necessitating the application of fertilizers. Soil depletion leads to annual cumulative losses amounting to 800 rubles per hectare. The authors conclude that the observed high profitability of agricultural crops, such as sunflower, when taking into account the environmental aspects of agricultural activities, does not reflect actual economic efficiency. If negative trends persist, a gradual decline in actual soil productivity will be observed in the future, particularly in rural areas of Bashkortostan with unfavorable natural and economic conditions. This may further pose certain threats and barriers to achieving regional food security. It can be summarized that the solution to the observed problems requires the use of a systems approach and the implementation of real government regulation instruments to preserve soil fertility.
A generalization of theoretical provisions contained in the works of classic and modern scientists examining reproduction processes has made it possible to clarify the economic essence of the category of land resources reproduction in agriculture, taking into account its types (narrowed, simple, expanded), types (extensive, intensive) and successive stages. New stages of reproduction have been introduced: scientific support aimed at proposing measures to improve soil fertility indicators, searching for optimal land use; turnover associated with the registration of property rights, possession, use, disposal of land, regulation of land relations during the purchase, sale, lease, restoration of land plots. According to the types of soil fertility reproduction, their content (agro-depletion, maintaining the balance of nutrients, improving soil properties), processes (narrowed – destruction, simple – maintenance, expanded – increase in humus content), agrogenic transformation, consequences (loss of humus, land reclamation, soil cultivation) are determined. A study of the conceptual and terminological framework of incentives allowed us to identify, at the microeconomic level, the motives of employees and management of agricultural organizations in the transition to expanded, intensive land reproduction, and, at the macroeconomic level, the interests of actors (state, institutional, economic), as well as the types of incentives (budgetary, tax, investment, innovation, and institutional). Methodological principles of incentives were formulated: targeting, priority, balance, differentiation, environmental friendliness, and adaptability.
The current environmental crisis is caused by the consumerist behavior of economic entities and the global population, which has led to the uncontrolled use of natural resources and the deterioration of the natural environment. Natural resources (industrial raw materials, energy sources, consumer goods, tools, and others), including land, are critically exploited in the process of environmental management. Therefore, the principles of the limits to growth declared by the Club of Rome, further developed in international environmental documents, call for increased agricultural efficiency not only through technological change but also through the development of an environmental culture. Russia's national approach is to abandon a consumerist attitude toward natural resources and restore damaged ecosystems to the extent necessary for the potential environmentally oriented development of the country's economic activity. The primary task of Russian government bodies is to develop mechanisms to resolve contradictions between the economic component of activity, aimed at achieving profit and increasing production efficiency, and the agricultural component, which inevitably disrupts the ecological balance of environmental management systems. Particular attention is paid to the rational use of land resources, which must be carried out considering the biological and agronomic requirements of agrobiocenoses, the level of energy availability in agriculture, state support for agricultural producers, and indicators characterizing organic farming. Such an ecological mechanism may have a certain degree of universality, but at the same time, each region of Russia (federal district) may also have its own regional component, considering natural, landscape, climatic, and other risks.
In the context of a dynamically changing geopolitical environment, the agro-industrial complex has become an element of a country's sovereignty. Global challenges, including sanctions pressure from unfriendly states, climate change, instability in global markets, and economic crises, have highlighted the importance of food security and shaped the direction of regional agricultural policies. The economic stability, social well-being, and geopolitical positioning of a country depend on the efficiency of agricultural production. Russia's ability to meet domestic demand for basic food products reduces the risks associated with external crises, making import substitution of agricultural products, goods, and spare parts particularly important. The development of agriculture is becoming a catalyst for the growth of related industries, such as agricultural machinery, biotechnology, logistics, and the processing industry. Effective agricultural policy management should focus on economic measures, technological modernization, environmental sustainability, institutional development, social considerations, and efficient governance. This article examines the factors that determine the effectiveness of agricultural development at the regional level and proposes a methodology for assessing them, taking into account current challenges.