The main directions of the country's spatial development traditionally cover many problems of improving the settlement system. The adopted Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025 also focuses on their solution. In accordance with it, the goal of the country's spatial development is to ensure its sustainable and balanced functioning, aimed at reducing interregional socio-economic differences in the level and quality of life of the population, accelerating the rate of economic growth and technological development, as well as achieving national security of the state. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the system of strategic management, forecasting and planning of the country’s spatial development. Its implementation should guarantee that not all socio-economic life will be concentrated only in a limited number of large and largest urban agglomerations, and its development will more or less evenly occur throughout the vast and sparsely populated territory of the country. Ultimately, this will largely allow us to maximize the rational use of the socio-economic potential of each region of the country and more objectively take into account the historical and modern realities of its development.
The article examines the debatable issue of the expediency of agglomerating rural areas of Russia by forming a network of support settlements (ONP), including those with the status of cities with a population of up to 50 thousand people, and adjacent territories, including urban-type settlements and work settlements, the formulation of which is motivated by fears of the flow of rural development resources into the urban environment. The results of the authors' regional analysis of the distribution of rural agglomerations by type of settlement (city, village) and the proportion of urban-type settlements and workers' settlements in adjacent territories are presented. Two models of rural agglomeration are considered: the centripetal model currently being implemented, which provides for the concentration of development resources in strongholds, and the balanced development model based on the principle of combining intensive development of strongholds with providing minimum social guarantees to the entire population of adjacent territories. The expediency of implementing the second model is justified, which, despite its high cost, is the only way to preserve the viability of the main array of the rural settlement network. The experience of organizing social services for the rural population in the Republic of Belarus on the basis of agro-towns and a normative list of social infrastructure facilities for district centers, agro-towns of the first and second types, and ordinary settlements is presented. It is concluded that the interconnected balanced development of inter-settlement service centers and settlements of adjacent territories will increase the efficiency of placing jobs, social, engineering, road transport infrastructure facilities in rural areas and budgeting expenses for these purposes
The purpose of this study is to substantiate a system of indicators that allow an objective assessment of the state of food security in the Russian Federation. The study attempts to substantiate the most significant indicators (registered by Rosstat, the Federal Customs Service of Russia, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and other organizations) applicable to the implementation of state monitoring of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. The study substantiates the need to improve the system of indicators of state monitoring of the Doctrine of food security. The presented system of indicators, as well as normative indicators, are justified taking into account the negatively changing geopolitical and economic situation, and suggest the need to make changes to the Doctrine of Food security in terms of introducing indicators of the level of self-sufficiency with domestic material and technical resources. The presented study, as well as the list of indicators, do not pretend to be exhaustive, objective and systematic. In this regard, we ask readers of this publication, if possible, to give their feedback on the presented indicator system (in the order of discussion).
One of the conditions for the state economic growth is the financial and economic activities efficiency and the financial stability of the subjects participating in the economy (region, industry, enterprise, and person). The contribution of each entity to the economic processes taking place in the country has a significant impact on the level of the state economic security. The analysis of the enterprises producing socially significant products financial stability makes it possible to assess the impact of the individual entities financial and economic activities results on the level of the Russia economic security. Moreover, the correlation issue between the enterprises financial stability and the state economic security has not sufficiently investigated in the scientific literature. This work demonstrates the need to analyze the financial stability of sugar industry leaders using coefficient and point methods. The results of the analysis can be used to form an agrarian policy at the level of both the region and the country. The identification of factors that have a negative impact on the largest sugar producers’ financial stability will allow not only to develop state support measures, but also to identify risk zones that pose threats to the economic security of the Russia. One of the important points is the use of non-financial information to identify additional factors that determine the level of the sugar industry enterprises economic security financial component.
Taking into account the fact that today there is an urgent task of transforming agriculture into a high-tech competitive element of the food system, such a statement of the problem increases the need to intensify the introduction of innovations in all areas of the agro-industrial complex. The implementation of these directions is possible only subject to the appropriate staffing of the industry, which should not only be of high quality, but also sufficiently adaptive in accordance with the high dynamics of changes occurring in the market. Since these changes today are largely related to technological progress, as a result, the demand for scientific support for many processes in the agricultural sector of the economy is significantly increasing, and this, in turn, leaves an imprint on new professional competencies emerging in the agricultural labor market.
In the modern conditions of the country's development, rural areas play an important role in achieving the progress of production efficiency. The development of rural areas presupposes the availability of fixed capital and its compliance with modern production. To increase agricultural production, it is necessary to ensure the efficient use of all production resources, including fixed capital, and the use of modern digital technologies is especially important. Digital transformation in the agricultural sector will give an impetus to increase labor productivity, sustainability and economic efficiency of production. It allows you to make more decisions that are informed, optimize processes and resources, and improve product quality and safety. The article considers the efficiency indicators of the use of fixed assets in agriculture in the regions of the Volga and Central Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. A multidimensional grouping was carried out according to indicators of the condition and efficiency of the use of fixed assets, a model of the dependence of the return on capital on the main factors was built. Based on the methods of comparative analysis and generalization, classification, logical, semantic and functional modeling, and cost estimation, the main relationships in the efficiency of the use of fixed capital in agricultural production in the regions of the Russian Federation have been identified.
The article is devoted to the urgent problem of developing measures aimed at increasing the profitability of domestic agricultural products. A brief description of the current state of agricultural production is given. It was noted that the level of profitability of agriculture in 2023 decreased by 1.2% compared to 2022 and amounted to 19,1%, taking into account various types of subsidies, and without them – only 15.8 percent. The analysis showed that this situation in the industry is associated with a record harvest of major crops and, above all, grain in 2022. and an increase in the cost of agricultural production in 2023. To solve the problems associated with the low price of grain and the growing disparity in prices between industrial and agricultural products, the State Duma has created a working group that will propose to the Russian Government a mechanism to ensure price parity in the agricultural sector. The paper reveals the main factors influencing the increase in the profitability of agricultural production, which can be divided into 2 large groups: external – in relation to a separate organization and internal, which are directly related to its activities. The first group includes natural and climatic conditions, sanctions of unfriendly countries, state policy: regulatory support, subsidies, compensation, taxation, priorities for the development of the agricultural sector. The second group should include the factors of production efficiency available to the enterprises themselves: land, material and labor resources. Special attention is paid to the preservation and development of the scientific potential of the agro-industrial complex, and the transfer of scientific developments into business practice, in order to increase the level of profitability in the production of agricultural products. According to the author, in order to accelerate the solution of problems related to price disparity, as well as reducing the cost of production, joint efforts of the state, science and business are needed, as well as to ensure financing of 5 state programs according to their initial passport.
The article discusses issues of improving state support for innovative development of the agro-industrial complex. In the course of the study, the growth rates of production of the main types of livestock products at new and modernized facilities were analyzed in terms of: the number of new and reconstructed facilities introduced, the volume of production obtained at such facilities and its share in total production. The main provisions of the use of search, organizational, technological and resource approaches in the context of solving the problem of forming a complete innovation cycle in the agro-industrial complex are considered. In order to stimulate innovation in the agro-industrial complex in order to form a new paradigm of innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy, it is proposed to implement a set of measures in various areas, such as improving the regulatory framework, creating regional funds to support innovations in agriculture, forming an integrated and effective innovation infrastructure, and others.
Sustainable provision with material and technical resources is an indispensable condition for the effective functioning of the agri-food sector. When the external political and economic situation is aggravating and the associated intense sanctions pressure strengthening, material and technical support is becoming key factor in ensuring Russia's food security. The paper considers this problem comprehensively, both in terms of material and technical support in general, and in terms of the main types of resources, including agricultural machinery, fuel and energy resources, fertilizers, crop protection agents and seeds. The role of material and technical resources when assembling the basic agricultural production expenditures, as well as the price trends for agricultural products sold and purchased types of material and technical resources in the period 2017-2022 are demonstrated. It is pointed out that within the Russian economic environment, the material and technical resources used in the production and distribution of agri-food products can be conditionally divided into import-dependent resources and resources weakly dependent on external supplies. The first group includes agricultural machinery, crop protection agents and seeds. The second group includes fuel and energy resources and fertilizers (mineral and organic). The main part of the article covers an argumentation of approaches to the analysis of material and technical support for the production and distribution of agri-food products in the context of new challenges. The main part of the article includes the argumentation of an integrated interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of material and technical support for the production and distribution of agri-food products in the context of new challenges. The structure of such approach consists of proposals improving the management of resources provision system at the federal level, covering both institutional changes and a new philosophy of analysis, including a joint analysis of resource provision problems and the effective use of material and technical resources. When considering breakthrough areas of logistics, the main focus is on unlocking the potential of applied information and communication technologies, in particular in the field of management (electronic provision of intersectoral balance), the formation of supply cooperatives, as well as in the field of technical support for fisheries.
The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the development of agricultural machinery production in Russia under the conditions of sanctions pressure. The article provides data on the availability of agricultural machinery from agricultural producers and the production of domestic agricultural machinery, as well as considers the issues of replacing sanctioned foreign agricultural machinery with domestic analogues. The factors hindering the development of domestic agricultural machinery and measures of state support for the production of agricultural machinery in the country are also considered. As a result of the analysis and expert assessment of the current state of agricultural machinery production in Russia, the main measures necessary to increase the production of such equipment and replace foreign agricultural machinery with domestic analogues have been identified.