Among the wide variety of types of entrepreneurial structures, agricultural organizations have a special place. The peculiarities of agriculture as a branch of material production have a great influence on the content of entrepreneurial activity and requires a special approach to assessing the effectiveness of its implementation. Entrepreneurs developing agrarian business and authorities responsible for the implementation of state agrarian policy in the regions are constantly looking for the most effective ways to increase the productivity of agriculture. This study contains the rationale and testing of methodological tools that can be used by stakeholders to develop a strategy for the development of both entrepreneurial activity and measures to support it at the regional level. The aim of the study is to develop a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activities of organizations in the field of agricultural entrepreneurship in the region. The study was carried out on materials reflecting the activities of agricultural enterprises in the Amur Region. The work uses economic and statistical research methods - collection, processing and generalization of information, calculation of indicators. The scientific value of the research results lies in identifying the effectiveness of various types and forms of organizing entrepreneurial activity in agricultural organizations of a particular region.
The article analyzed the volume of seed imports to the Russian Federation. Comparison with the size of the sown areas showed the highest specific gravity of imported seeds in the crops of sunflower, sugar beets, potatoes. The main seed importing countries are Germany, France, Belgium. To reduce the share of imported seeds and achieve a level of self-sufficiency of at least 75 percent for seeds of main crops, in accordance with the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, measures are proposed to support scientific breeding institutions in Russia.
The article discusses approaches to the digital transformation of agriculture in international organizations, member states of the Eurasian Economic Union and third countries. The author notes the importance of digitalization of subsidies, as well as the role of state support to create the necessary infrastructure in rural areas to increase the digital literacy of agricultural. Based on the analysis carried out, the technical and regulatory readiness is confirmed the readiness of the member states to implement a model concept of digital transformation for the provision of measures of state support for agriculture in the EAEU.
The article contains the original methodology and analysis of the commodity distribution infrastructure in the regions of Russian Federation. According to indicators of physical availability of food, a typology of Russian regions has been elaborated. The dynamics of regional types shows regional differences in implementation of the Food Security Doctrine in Russian Federation. Measures are proposed to improve the methodology of analysis and evaluation, as well as measures of government regulation of physical accessibility of food in Russian Federation, the development of commodity infrastructure and reduction of interregional differences.
The article deals with the formation of an economic mechanism to stimulate the export of agricultural products. The main trends in the development of exports of agri-food products in 2020 are analyzed. It is emphasized that one of the main factors in the growth of export supplies, along with a favorable world situation, is significant state support for this direction. The article provides a structural analysis of the FP "Export of agricultural products", especially areas related to economic incentives and instruments. It was revealed that the largest volume of financial resources at the expense of the federal budget within the framework of the FP falls on the additional capitalization of JSC "Rosselkhozbank". At the same time, the importance of such elements of the economic mechanism as concessional lending and subsidizing transport costs is increasing. The importance of insurance and guarantee support administered by REC is also growing. Based on the analysis of the main tools of the economic mechanism for stimulating the export of agricultural products, a comprehensive system of measures is proposed to improve their efficiency.
The agrarian policy pursued in Russia is primarily aimed at ensuring food security, the main components of which are the economic and physical availability of food to the population. However, the indicators approved in the regulatory legal acts on food security monitoring do not contribute to its objective assessment. With their help, it is not always possible to assess the overall state of food security, not to mention physical or economic accessibility, and even more so the quality of food. For a more objective assessment of the physical availability of food to the population of the Russian Federation, a more in-depth analysis is needed, which requires an assessment, including of the trade infrastructure. It is necessary to understand how well the population is provided with retail trade currents, how satisfied they are with the quality of service and how well they are provided with local paved roads. This article attempts to assess the physical availability of food based on the definition of "physical accessibility" given in the Doctrine of Food Security. The research methodology is based on Rosstat data characterizing the physical availability of food both in the city and in the countryside.
The article presents a brief analysis of the application of the mechanism of investment quotas for the modernization of the production base of the fishery complex. The results of the first stage of stimulating the construction of fishing vessels and onshore processing plants are presented, unresolved problems are noted that require additional analysis for the implementation of the "Investcotes 2.0" project, taking into account the effect of the mechanism of investment quotas on the financial and economic state of the enterprises of the fishery complex.
The article is devoted to the problems and prospects of development of investment activity in the dairy production of milk and dairy products in Russia to solve the tasks of achieving technical and technological modernization, increasing the competitiveness of milk and dairy products. Based on the analysis, the author has identified positive trends in the efficiency of investments: an increase in the profitability of milk production and the productivity of the dairy herd, an increase in the number of modern dairy farms. The author also identified negative trends caused by the increase in the cost of milk and dairy products at all stages of production, which hinders the processes of import substitution and export growth. The article notes that comprehensive and stable state support, available long-term credit resources, and the growth of profitability of milk and dairy producers will lead to increased investment activity in the dairy subcomplex. The author suggests priority areas for investing investment capital in the development of breeding and genetic centers, innovative feeding technologies, the creation of its own feed base to achieve self-sufficiency in milk and dairy products and export development.
The development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia is conditioned by insufficient financing of investments in the agricultural sector in the conditions of the EAEU. This article discusses the formation and development of the institutional environment for the formation of investment capital in the agro-industrial production of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the investment market as an element of the formation of investment capital and its distribution in the agro-industrial complex. The article also provides the institutional foundations of public-private partnership as a tool for the formation and development of long-term capital for financing investments in the development of the agricultural environment.
The mineral fertilizers market is actively developing. New players are appearing on the market, the production potential of the industry is increasing. The domestic fertilizer market is characterized by a significant level of production concentration. Currently, Russia produces about 55 million tons of fertilizers in physical weight. At the same time, due to a lack of domestic demand, on average no more than 35-37% of mineral fertilizers produced in the country enter the domestic market. The rest of the fertilizer is exported. As a result, one third of the sown area in Russia is sown without the use of mineral fertilizers. The level of fertilization per hectare of sown area is significantly lower than that in developed countries. The aim of the work is to assess the current state of the Russian fertilizer market and to identify ways to increase the efficiency of using its potential to meet the needs of domestic agriculture and sustainable export positions of Russia. The main trends of the modern development of the fertilizer market in the Russian Federation are analyzed. The dynamics of indicators of production and use of mineral fertilizers, the level of concentration in the industry, Russia's place in the world market and its position in the main segments, export parameters, pricing mechanism in the fertilizer market are considered. The main factors restraining the growth of the use of fertilizers by domestic agricultural producers have been identified. In addition, the main directions of stimulating domestic demand and increasing the competitiveness of Russian producers of mineral fertilizers in the world market have been formulated. It is predicted that with an increase in domestic demand, the share of exports will decline, while sales in the domestic market will grow. Further expansion of the domestic market is associated with the development of the material and technical base of agricultural producers, the creation of the necessary infrastructure, scientific research and the introduction of innovative developments.