Sugar beet in Russia is one of the components of the country's food security. In addition to the production of sugar from beets, its processed products are successfully used in animal husbandry, perfumery, alcohol industry, etc. As noted in the Strategy of Innovative Development of Russia until 2030, it is necessary to achieve a competitive level in all branches of the agro-industrial complex, including in the sub-sector of the sugar beet complex. As the studies have shown, the sugar beet sub–sector is developing - the yield and sugar content of tubers are increasing, the quality of the seed material becomes the determining factor in further increasing the effectiveness of sugar beet production. Until recently, the source of high-quality seeds was imports, the share of domestic seeds accounted for no more than 2 percent. After the adoption of the FNTP and, in particular, the "Subprogram for the development of breeding and seed production of sugar beet", the situation began to change gradually – domestic villages domestic breeders have bred new competitive hybrids, in some cases not inferior in their sowing qualities to imported ones. Innovative technologies have become more widely used – the cultivation of parental forms in vitro, genomic engineering and a number of others. One of the most important achievements obtained with the participation of Russian scientists is the decoding of the sugar beet genome, which will allow using the information obtained for genome-wide studies in order to search for new markers of economically valuable signs of culture; But the "promotion" of domestic hybrids to the fields of beet farms is weak for a number of reasons. In general, the tasks facing the participants of the Subprogram are being fulfilled. But those volumes of seeds, the production of which was planned, are no longer relevant in modern geopolitical conditions. They cannot fully meet the needs of beet-growing farms. Moreover, the seed-growing base destroyed in the nineties has not yet been restored. Even if there are highly productive hybrids without a developed seed system, the industry will have to use imported seeds while they can be purchased. The issues discussed in the article can be reflected in the concept of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia for the medium and long term.
The article describes problems of strategic directions for the spatial development of the location and specialization of certain branches of agriculture, gives an objective assessment of its state with the identification of the main shortcomings in the formation of a strategic management system associated with changes in institutional, economic, social and industrial relations, and also formulates trends and development prospects macro-regional level of economic relations. The possibilities of effective formation of the process of strategic management in the field of location and specialization of agricultural sectors are determined, taking into account the presented two groups of complex elements of interaction related to material and human potential. The fundamental principles of choosing the main strategic directions are substantiated, which consist in more efficient use of existing opportunities, as a result of which the integration process into a single complex will be carried out and these problems will be solved due to coherence. In the current situation, program-target management should become one of the main tools for adapting Russian agriculture and its industries to existing conditions. An implementation mechanism with three subsystems has been formulated, which will have a certain sequence in the vertical or programmatic planning method.
The article discusses the measures, tools and mechanisms of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus, which can find their application in the conditions of the development of the agrarian economy of Russia, especially in the realities of sanctions pressure. Special attention is paid to state regulation and state support as elements of the formation of investment capital and its distribution in agro-industrial production. In addition, the institutional foundations of public-private partnership as a tool for the formation and development of long-term capital of the agricultural environment within a single system with state support are given.
The article analyzes the impact of digital technologies in stimulating economic development, in particular agriculture. Based on the digitalization indicator, the impact of digital technologies on the economic performance of Chinese agriculture, as well as factors hindering the widespread adoption of digital technologies, is examined.
This study is devoted to the export of agricultural products, raw materials and food in modern conditions. The authors consider the structure of exports by the main counterparty countries and by types of agricultural products. It has been revealed that in the near future Russia will be able to steadily increase the export flows of grain products, both through traditional channels and to develop new sales markets that have undergone transformation due to the global food crisis caused primarily by natural, climatic and political factors. According to the authors, Russia is more able to compensate for the decline in grain exports from Ukraine, since Russia has a similar range of importing counterparties with which sales channels and communication links have been established.
This article discusses the key issues of innovative development of the Brazilian agricultural sector, organizational and economic measures to stimulate innovative developments, the volume and sources of R&D financing, as well as the experience of introducing innovative technologies and digitalization in agriculture. The article reveals the main aspects of the process of modernization of agriculture in Brazil, presents the vector of agricultural growth based on digitalization, and discusses individual technologies that have played an important role in the transformation of the sector over the past four decades. Various innovative and digital technologies that allow Brazil to move to high-tech innovative agriculture are considered.
Organic production, or an environmentally friendly form of agriculture, is increasingly developing in the world. Canada is one of the leading countries in the global organic market. The history of its organic agriculture reflects international trends: the formation of organic concepts and methods, their popularization, recognition and development of organic production as a holistic effective system aimed at optimizing productivity and the inclusion of various communities and organisms in the agroecosystem. Thanks to sound government policies, the Canadian organic sector is developing productively and is sustainable in the long term. Nevertheless, it is planned to expand it further both due to a significant increase in domestic production capacities and due to imported products. Unlike Canada, domestic organic agriculture is in the process of formation. Therefore, the Canadian experience can be taken into account when developing a policy for the development of the domestic organic market.
Agricultural and food systems vary greatly between countries, reflecting the level of development of each country, as well as the role played by the agricultural sector in economic development. In modern conditions, one of the key factors in the development of the agro-industrial complex is innovation. Improving the competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy is impossible without the implementation of investment and innovation activities. The article considers the experience of Germany in supporting innovation in the agricultural sector. The study analyzed the strategic documents and framework programs in the field of innovation policy in Germany.
Abroad, the contract system is widely used in agriculture. Its basis is farming. Russia went the other way. In the country, the main agricultural producers are agricultural holdings. In this regard, the article gives a critical assessment of the current situation in the agro-industrial complex and proposes measures to develop the contract system in the country's agriculture.
The article considers a two-stage economic and mathematical model that simulates the dynamic processes of structural transformation of the regional agri-food system in the direction of reducing the carbon footprint of crop production. It is assumed that the behavior of an economic entity is to maximize profits associated with a reduction in carbon emissions. In this case, the final choice of the “profit – carbon emission” option lies with the manufacturer itself. At the first stage, in dynamics, the best combination of the areas of the main categories of agricultural land, which are in the land use of the commodity producer, is found in the ecological and economic sense. At the second stage, the optimal structure of sown areas on arable land is determined.