The article discusses modern approaches used in Canadian public policy on the innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy. It shows the increasing activity of state in the formation of the agricultural innovation system and stimulates the participation of subsectors in the selection of the priorities for research and innovation, their support and implementation to ensure technical and technological modernization of agricultural subsectors.
The article emphasizes the important role of the poultry industry in ensuring food security of the country. The importance of the innovation factor in the development of the industry and increasing the role of the state in the formation of a balanced innovation system aimed at increasing the volume of production. On the basis of the analysis positive and negative factors of development of domestic poultry farming are defined. The necessity of technological modernization of poultry industry for stable growth of production and ways to solve this problem.
Rural development is the most important direction of socio-economic policy of the United States, it is aimed at solving a wide range of economic and social problems in rural areas. The article considers the current stage of development of agricultural policy in relation to rural areas, the main priorities, the role of public and private organizations in its implementation. The main priorities of rural development in the near future are: the development of electronic communication; improving the quality of life of the rural population; provision of employment, introduction of technological innovations; economic development of rural areas. In the framework of these priorities is expected to solve the problem of increase of economic efficiency of agricultural production and other sectors of the economy through the implementation of innovative projects, improve rural employment and addressing social issues related to education, medical care, housing. The basis for the implementation of the us agricultural policy in the field of rural development is to strengthen cooperation and coordination of almost all ministries and agencies for the implementation of rural development programs, increase private investment, including through private-public partnership. Much attention in the development of rural areas is paid to stimulating the development of small and medium-sized businesses.
The article deals with global climate change and its impact on the course of human history. It is shown that, despite the lack of evidence of determining the impact of human activity on the climate, measures to counter climate warming in any case will be useful. The foreign experience of adaptation of agriculture to global climate change is analyzed. The main directions of climate change impact on agriculture and adaptation measures to climate change, implemented within the framework of the Common agricultural policy of the EU, the Program for research on global climate change in the United States, the programs of the National Committee on climate change of China and climate programs of other foreign countries are considered.
The imperative of competitiveness has become an integral part of the country's development priorities, which actualizes the research direction. Modern experience shows that the business sector of the regional economy, performing many functions, is a powerful potential for increasing its innovation activity and the formation of a competitive environment. The main goal is to clarify methodological approaches to assessing the level of competitiveness of the business sector and to determine the place of business structures in the regional system of the country. The paper presents a scientific understanding of the theoretical foundations of the formation of entrepreneurship, the models of its development. The components of the competitiveness of the business sector are argued. The clustering of regions on the level of socio-economic development, the account of which can be the basis for the formation of regional policy of development of tools of state support of business. The indicators characterizing the competitiveness of the regional system are concretized and justified, the ranking of territorial entities on the basis of criteria indicators is carried out. The integrated assessment of competitiveness of separate regions of the southern Federal district including calculation of dynamic and maximizing indexes is presented. The results can be of both scientific and practical interest for specialists involved in the problems of ensuring and improving the competitiveness of the business sector in the region.
The long-term experience of forecasting according to the author’s model, which provides the minimum discrepancy between the actual and forecasted grain yields in agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar Territory, is summarized as the scientific basis for planning the structure of sown areas and managing grain production.
The article presents an economic and mathematical model for assessing intersectoral investment attractiveness, which is based on the principle of excess risk and allows integrate two groups of indicators: potential and risks. Comparative analysis of investment attractiveness based on macroeconomic statistics. An industry leaders were identified by the level of investment potential, as well as the place of agriculture in ranking of industries in real sector of Russian economy.
The article deals with methodological approaches to assessing the seasonality of milk production. The dynamics of monthly milk production in the Russian Federation and the Krasnodar region for long periods of time is studied, on the basis of graphical representation of information, analysis of dynamic series and calculation of seasonal indices by various methods, the conclusion is made about the preservation of the seasonal nature of milk production and a decrease in the peak seasonality coefficient. Methodical approaches to the estimation of seasonality are generalized, mathematical models of the seasonality of gross milk yield in the Kuban obtained during data processing are given.
The article presents the forecast for the production of drinking milk in Russia for the period 2018-2025. Statistical data on the dynamics of the production of drinking milk from 2000 to 2017 show an increase from 2.8 million tons. up to 5.3 million tons Since drinking milk is a vital food product, the aim of the study, such as forecasting its production for several years in advance, must be of interest. The production of drinking milk depends on many factors. Several factors that could affect the volume of production were identified. This is the average per capita annual income of the population, the production of raw and dried milk, the import of dried milk, the average price per ton of raw milk, per kilogram of drinking milk, the volume of palm oil imports. As research methods, statistical methods were used, in particular, correlation-regression analysis and forecast of time series by the trend component. A two-factor linear regression model was built with independent variables - income and the sum of production and import of milk powder. Based on this model, a forecast was made for the production of drinking milk, which was compared with a forecast for milk according to the trend model. A comparative statistical evaluation of these two forecasting results showed the advantage of the regression model.
Constantly changing market business conditions justify the feasibility of forming an updated vision and putting into practice the generally accepted principle of assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of agricultural sectors. The article reflects the existing theoretical approaches, including author's judgments, to its study.