Agricultural and economic space of the non-black earth and the management strategy on the problem of increasing self-sufficiency in grain of the central macroregion

Issue № 10, 2022, article № 6, pages 52-63

Language: Russian

Original language title: АГРАРНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ И СТРАТЕГИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПО ПРОБЛЕМЕ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ САМООБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЗЕРНОМ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО МАКРОРЕГИОНА

Keywords: AGRICULTURAL AND ECONOMIC SPACE, GRAIN FARMING, INNOVATION, LOGISTIC ASSESSMENT, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT AND FORECASTING, NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE, SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN GRAIN, TRANSFORMATION, PRODUCTION POTENTIAL, CENTRAL MACROREGION, CENTRAL NON-CHERNOZEM REGION

Abstract: The growing demand for food has led to the intensification of agricultural production by technogenic means, however, such a load on nature turns into an oversaturation of crop rotations, a violation of the ecological balance, the habitat of people and all living matter. Therefore, along with the development and implementation of technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops on an industrial basis, humanity is searching for ways to grow them that would reduce energy and, in general, resource consumption of materialized labor, thereby improving the ecological environment. Among the crops that most meet these requirements are cereals, which are less resource-intensive and are characterized by high caloric content at a relatively low cost of production and the price of the product, satisfying the solvency of the population with limited incomes. The functioning of the grain economy is based on the totality of the use of biological, economic and spatial, that is, territorial resources, which, combined with different natural soil fertility and remoteness from sales markets, create a complex system of interaction characteristic of the macro-regions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russia. Among them, the Central macro-region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russia (CM NZR) is distinguished by the greatest agricultural potential, with a capacious grain market, but with low self-sufficiency in land resources, as well as their insufficient natural fertility, which together causes a shortage of it here, amounting to almost two-thirds, shown in the article. This shortage of grain is overcome by importation from other remote regions of the country, the purchase of which, together with transport costs, is higher than its own production in the NZR CM. To eliminate such an imbalance of grain by own production, the grain yield here should be at least 4 t/ha, which the Bryansk region already has, although it is characterized by less fertile soils in the Southern Agricultural region. To do this, it is necessary to use the latest achievements in breeding, seed production, technologies and equipment of the Research Institute, shown in the article, the introduction of which, together with investment investments, will increase the self-sufficiency of grain in the Central macroregion. The article describes the long-term transformation of the development of grain farming in the center of the Non-Chernozem region, when the leading position of a particular grain crop was changed.

Authors: ZHukov Nikolai Ivanovich