Яндекс.Метрика

JUSTIFICATION OF THE SIZE OF THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC GRAIN CROPS IN THE BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE


DOI 10.33938/222-34

Issue № 2, 2022, article № 5, pages 34-41

Section: Economics of agribusiness sectors

Language: Russian

Original language title: ОБОСНОВАНИЕ РАЗМЕРОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР В БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ

Keywords: GRAIN SUBCOMPLEX, OPTIMAL SIZES OF FARMS, GRAIN PRODUCTION, SPECIALIZATION, CONCENTRATION

Abstract: The relevance of substantiating the size of grain production in the biological system of agriculture is due to the need to increase the efficiency of grain production. Since 2015, the gross production of grain and leguminous crops in Russian agricultural organizations has increased by 30.9%. The main factors limiting the trend in the growth of grain production are outdated technologies and domestic selection lagging behind world achievements in this area. The impact of technology on the grain yield, according to experts, is approximately 60%, so the improvement of the technology of growing grain should be given priority. This will increase the export potential for grain and products of its processing. To increase the efficiency of grain production and increase the volume of their production, it is necessary to use the possibilities of alternative technologies, among which the biological system occupies an important place. This farming system is actively used in the developed countries of the world: the USA, France, Germany, Sweden, Denmark. Its implementation involves a more efficient use of land, maintaining and increasing the natural fertility of the soil. A serious advantage of this technology is a significant reduction in costs due to a change in the concept of tillage, which makes it possible to reduce capital investments in fixed assets by 25-30%. To build a cost-effective biological farming system within a particular agricultural organization, it is necessary, first of all, to determine the boundaries of production efficiency, which consist in the most optimal ratio of the profitability of grain production and the size of agricultural organizations, the level of concentration under grain crops, grain yield, specific the cost of their production. Unfortunately, until now, the issues of the efficiency of using the biological farming system, including those devoted to substantiating the optimal size of the production of grain crops in the biological farming system, have not been widely considered in scientific publications. The relevance of this study is due to the need to identify and solve theoretical, methodological and practical issues related to the justification of the optimal size of the production of grain crops in the system of biological farming.

Authors: Osipov Andrei Nikolaevich, SHinkarenko Oksana Olegovna