STRUCTURAL IMBALANCES IN THE RURAL LABOR MARKET IN RUSSIA AND STRATEGIES FOR ADAPTING RURAL POPULATIONS TO THEM

Issue № 2, 2026, article № 28, pages 272-279

Section:

Language: Russian

Original language title: СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ДИСПРОПОРЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОГО РЫНКА ТРУДА В РОССИИ И СТРАТЕГИИ АДАПТАЦИИ К НИМ СЕЛЬСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

Keywords: LABOR MARKET, RURAL POPULATION, UNPAID LABOR, EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, LABOR FORCE

Abstract: The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the role of rural areas in ensuring food security and labor potential in Russia, the presence of structural imbalances in the labor market, which are not always noticeable due to positive macroeconomic dynamics. Understanding the specifics of rural employment and its adaptation strategies is necessary to develop effective public policy measures aimed at sustainable rural development. Despite an overall decrease in rural unemployment from 6,8% to 4,7% by 2023 compared to 2019 and an increase in employment, structural imbalances persist and deepen. There is a double demographic problem: the aging of the labor force (only 15,3% of the population over working age are economically active) It is combined with a high unemployment rate among young people (especially graduates of worker training programs (8,2%). A significant part of labor activity is realized in the unpaid sector, primarily in the form of production of products for own use, which performs the function of a social amortizer. There is a clear gender specialization in the informal labor sector: men dominate in the procurement of various types of fuels and construction, women in the production of household goods and agricultural activities. The results obtained in the article are important for the formation of a differentiated policy for the development of rural areas of the country. They point to the need to synchronize the system of vocational education with the needs of the rural economy, create modern jobs for young professionals, and provide institutional support to households as the most important adaptation strategy for rural households.

Authors: Takmakova Elena Valerevna, Zaitsev Alexey Gennadievich, Karelina Ekaterina Alexandrovna, Kanunnikova Anna Mikhailovna