STATE AND PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PASTURE BREEDING IN MONGOLIA

Issue № 2, 2026, article № 21, pages 208-217

Section:

Language: Russian

Original language title: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПАСТБИЩНОГО СКОТОВОДСТВА МОНГОЛИИ

Keywords: PASTORALISM, MONGOLIAN HERDERS, LIVESTOCK POPULATION, PASTURES, PRIVATE FARMS, COOPERATION, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Abstract: This article examines the development of traditional pastoralism in Mongolia, its current trends, and characteristics. It focuses on exploring the potential for sustainable pastoralism in the future, identifying the right direction, and identifying necessary government support measures for the industry. A comprehensive analysis is provided of the status and development challenges of three key elements of pastoralism in Mongolia since the transition to a market economy to the present: herders, livestock, and pastures. Statistical data from a census of Mongolian livestock and livestock households from 1999 to the present are presented, demonstrating a significant increase in livestock numbers and improved livestock farming in recent years. The authors demonstrate the enormous importance of pastoralism in Mongolia, not only as a key economic sector but also as a vehicle for nomadic culture and traditions. Based on a retrospective analysis of Mongolian pastoralism, it is concluded that its current characteristic is the preservation of many features of traditional nomadic herding. Therefore, in Mongolian conditions, pastoral herding will remain a pastoral system for an indefinite period. In this regard, the most acute instability of modern pastoral herding has been identified, manifested in pasture degradation, the loss of traditional herding methods, a decline in the number of young herders, declining livestock productivity, and ineffective management. The study provides a comprehensive analysis and identification of problems in the development of pastoral herding in Mongolia, an assessment of its sustainability potential, and paths for its further development, which is vital for the economy and society as a whole. The authors believe the results have practical significance for the revival of traditional pastoral herding in the Republic of Buryatia, as the experience and historical traditions preserved in Mongolia are of particular importance to farmers interested in the sustainable development of modern pastoral herding.

Authors: Oyun Luvsandorj , Sangadieva Iraida Gomboevna, Shobdoeva Nadezhda Valeryevna, Ayakova Jargal Ayushievna, Polozova Tatiana Vladimirovna, Badanov Garma Erdemovich