PRACTICE AND FEATURES OF ORGANIZING GRAIN STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE IN RUSSIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUB-SECTOR

Issue № 5, 2025, article № 8, pages 84-101

Section:

Language: Russian

Original language title: ПРАКТИКА И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ ЗЕРНА В РОССИИ: ВЫЗОВЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОДОТРАСЛИ

Keywords: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, GRAIN, STORAGE, GRAIN STORAGE FACILITIES, WAREHOUSES, ELEVATORS, COST OF ELEVATOR SERVICES

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the features of the functioning of the Russian grain storage industry at the current stage of economic development. The object of the study was the capacity for storing grain of various types: grain warehouses, elevators, grain receiving and grain processing enterprises, grain trading companies and port terminals for grain transshipment. It is noted that more than 70% of grain storage facilities are concentrated in the Southern, Central and Volga Federal Districts, while their shortage is felt in the Siberian and Far Eastern Districts. Recently, there has been an annual commissioning of new facilities and modernization of existing ones. However, in general, there is a deficit of grain storage capacity in the country, which is estimated at 20-70 million tons. The bulk of storage is carried out on the basis of various types of grain warehouses. The share of elevators providing a range of services for the acceptance, processing, storage and transportation of grain does not exceed 30-35%. The problem is complicated by the significant degree of wear and tear of existing grain storage facilities, the high cost of implementing investment projects to put the relevant storage facilities into operation, and the rising cost of elevator and related equipment. Against the background of a shortage of working capital among farmers, the increased cost of attracting credit resources and high tariffs for elevator services, this situation significantly hinders the pace of development and restructuring of the storage industry. The study analyzes the features of the main methods (dry, cooled, without oxygen access) and methods (in ground-based covered warehouses, silos, polymer sleeves) of storing grain. A comparative assessment of the efficiency and cost level of storing grain in various types of grain storage facilities (conventional warehouses, warehouses with an active ventilation system and controlled atmosphere) is provided. The main problems and factors hindering the efficient storage of grain are identified. Based on the results of the work, a set of measures is proposed for the prospective development of the market segment for storing grain products in Russia.

Authors: Bogachev Aleksandr Ivanovich, Novoselov Eduard Arkadevich, Stavtsev Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Overchuk Logvin Alexandrovich