THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Issue № 6, 2024, article № 5, pages 41-48

Section:

Language: Russian

Original language title: ВЛИЯНИЕ СТРУКТУРНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ НА ЗАНЯТОСТЬ В МИРОВОМ АГРАРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ

Keywords: STRUCTURAL CHANGES, GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, REGIONS AND COUNTRIES

Abstract: Structural changes in the global agricultural sector, caused largely by global population growth and increased demand for food, have an impact on almost all its characteristics, including labor productivity and employment in agriculture. The development of science and technology, digitalization and robotics significantly increase labor productivity, while there is a gradual reduction in the number of people employed in the agricultural sector. However, the development and application of scientific and technological achievements in practice require increased investment and an increasingly skilled workforce. Economically developed countries have great opportunities to meet these needs, unlike less developed countries, which significantly affects the agricultural sector. At the present stage, high-income countries are characterized by a decrease in the share of agriculture in GDP and employment in the industry, industry and the service sector are developing rapidly. In most low-income countries, agriculture is the main economic sector with high employment. Relatively low economic development hinders the introduction of scientific and technological achievements in an industry in which labor is more labor-intensive and less paid than the work of qualified specialists, but it should be noted that in countries of this category there is a gradual increase in labor productivity and poverty eradication. The general global problem remains the resettlement of rural populations to cities, especially young people, which has a serious impact not only on agriculture, but also on the sustainable development of rural areas. Diversification of rural activities solves this problem to a certain extent, but it is necessary to develop medium- and long-term strategies in this area.

Authors: SHelamova Nadezhda Afanasevna