ISSUES OF FORMATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM IN THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Issue № 5, 2024, article № 1, pages 4-12

Section: Agricultural policy and state regulation of the agro-industrial complex

Language: Russian

Original language title: ВОПРОСЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО МЕХАНИЗМА В АПК РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЙ

Keywords: STATE SUPPORT, INSTITUTIONS, INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE, INSTRUMENTS OF THE ECONOMIC MECHANISM, LENDING, ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM, EXPANDED REPRODUCTION, PRICES

Abstract: The article discusses the issues of forming an organizational and economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. It is noted, that under the influence of public needs to achieve the country's food security, technical and technological modernization of the industry and the development of import substitution, it is necessary to develop an organizational and economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex that ensures sustainable expanded reproduction. Currently, a number of negative macroeconomic and industry trends are being recorded: budget restrictions, a high key rate of the Bank of Russia, a decrease in the profitability of agricultural organizations, increasing price disparity in the agro-industrial complex, low dynamics of investment activity in the industry, a decrease in the number of people employed in agriculture and depopulation of rural areas, low level of wages in agriculture. In 2024, these factors were supplemented by adjustments to budget and credit policies in the agri-food sector: there was a regrouping of the areas of subsidies for agricultural producers (instead of two subsidies, compensating and stimulating, one “united” one was introduced); The mechanism for preferential lending has changed - a floating rate on loans has been introduced. In addition to changes in the lending mechanism, transformations are observed in agricultural insurance. As for the price situation, almost every year price imbalances arise in one segment of the agri-food market, then in another. The authors emphasize that the main functions of the organizational and economic mechanism are currently: reproduction, stimulation and the formation of an optimal balance between the demand for agri-food products and their supply. The main task of forming an optimal organizational and economic mechanism is to create a motivation system in which every economic entity benefits and, in general, the efficiency of the entire economy increases. The formation of such a system of incentives is, to a greater extent, the task of the state, which is carried out by it on the basis of the development of the necessary institutions and institutional infrastructure that allows the implementation of established norms and rules. At the same time, it is necessary not to forget about the importance of self-regulation of commodity producers and the formation of equilibrium behavior of economic entities in accordance with incentives.

Authors: Maslova Vlada Viacheslavovna, Maslov Ivan Igorevich