ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR PRESERVING THE LIVESTOCK OF NORTHERN DOMESTIC REINDEER BREEDING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

Issue № 8, 2023, article № 15, pages 133-140

Section: Economics of agribusiness sectors

Language: Russian

Original language title: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВ СОХРАНЕНИЯ ПОГОЛОВЬЯ СЕВЕРНОГО ДОМАШНЕГО ОЛЕНЕВОДСТВА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ)

Keywords: EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF REINDEER HUSBANDRY, EXTREME CONDITIONS, BREEDING ZONES, REINDEER CAPACITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY, DECAY, MEASURES, DYNAMICS, LINEAR MODEL, PROGNOSTIC VALUE, RECOVERY

Abstract: The article pays much attention to the assessment of the current state and prospects of development of the reindeer herding subindustry as the traditional basis of life, life, culture and existence of indigenous peoples inhabiting those countries in the world where the reindeer herding subindustry exists, including the Russian North. Russia is rich in territories where reindeer husbandry can develop in the tundra taiga, forest-tundra and mountain-taiga zones. A large part of small-numbered indigenous peoples live far away from civilization, especially in the hard-to-reach Northern regions, where land transportation is available only in winter and air travel dominates year-round; however, due to high flight costs, food delivery becomes very expensive, and food is unaffordable and the only way to survive is through traditional activities (hunting, fishing, reindeer herding). In the modern world much attention is paid to the industrial development of the territories of the North, which at the moment is restrained by the territories reserved for indigenous minorities, thereby preserving the ecology of these areas. The article is devoted to methodical and applied problems of development of Northern reindeer breeding, identification of perspective, economically effective directions of development of the branch. The article shows the dynamics of reindeer herd indicators in Yakutia by all categories of farms from 1986 to 2021, with the average annual number of reindeer population being 221,083 head. It was revealed that with each year the number of reindeer herds decreased by 2% on average. The linear model of dynamics was considered and the forecast values till 2030 were given. As a result, the conclusion was made that in the case of failure to take appropriate measures, the reindeer population in the Republic will decrease to 102,827 heads by 2030. The main task of reindeer breeding in Russia, including the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is to preserve and restore the most important indicator of the subindustry – the number of reindeer with an increase in the slaughter weight of the carcass. The conclusion of the article formed conclusions and suggestions, the main of which are that the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) needs to restore the previous level of the subindustry, despite the fact that here was organized farm most effectively, with time insufficient equipment of reindeer farms special production equipment and technical means for storage, processing products of reindeer husbandry, as well as to monitor animal diseases and threats of attack from predators, lack of advanced technology.

Authors: Val Olesya Mikhailovna, Tatarnikova Polina Aleksandrovna, Samokhvalova Anastasia Alexandrovna