SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO ENSURING TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

Issue № 3, 2023, article № 9, pages 91-101

Section: Questions of methodology of economic research

Language: Russian

Original language title: НАУЧНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СУВЕРЕНИТЕТА В АГРАРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ

Keywords: RUSSIA, AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY

Abstract: Currently, ensuring technological sovereignty in the agricultural sector of the country's economy is a key problem of its effective functioning. The high dependence of the domestic agro-industrial complex on innovative technologies of foreign manufacturers, as well as the means of mechanization necessary for agricultural production, plant protection of seeds, breeding and planting material was noted. The necessity of implementing special measures of state support for the national agrarian economy in order to reduce dependence (or complete rejection) of the import of means of production is substantiated. It is established that in modern geopolitical conditions, one of the most important ways is to develop strategic directions for innovative development of the agricultural sector of the country with the definition of a promising conceptual effect from its improvement, directly in the real sector of the economy. It is shown that agricultural science is currently underfunded: the ratio of domestic research costs in agriculture to the gross value added created in the industry is almost 1.5 times lower than the same indicator for science as a whole. At the same time, more than 60% of the internal costs of research and development in the field of agricultural sciences are the costs of basic research. From 2015 to 2021. there was a significant reduction in varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops (by 18.5%), new and improved agricultural production technologies - by 37 percent. In a situation of high uncertainty, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia has proposed a number of operational measures to provide the domestic market with seeds of agricultural crops, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products. Organizational and economic solutions are proposed in the field of technological equipment renewal based on localization of production of critical components and components in the country, diversification of machine imports taking into account geographical and natural conditions, transfer of the agrarian economy to the full innovation cycle mode, formation of unified methodological approaches to the implementation of agricultural policy measures in at least three time horizons: until 2025, until 2030 and until 2035.

Authors: Nechaev Vasilii Ivanovich, Sandu Ivan Stepanovich, Mikhailushkin Pavel Valerevich, Bondarenko Tatiana Georgievna